Information Processing

Question 1

Information processing definition

Answer 1

sorting of information, based on psychological theory of cognitive or ecological approaches

Question 2

Ecological theory

Answer 2

how the motor system interacts with the environment

affordance: action possibilities provided to the individual from the environment

perception of affordance requires experience specific to the task/environment

Question 3

Cognitive theory

Answer 3

input stim–>black box–> output response

black box is unobservable, except through behavior under experimental conditions

Question 4

Cognitive approach and its basic assumption

Answer 4

human=processor
input/stim in=> execute plan

assumption: systems (attention, perception, STM) process the environmental input
systems alter the info systematically
Humans combine new and stored information, don’t have limited capacity

Question 5

3 stages of information processing

Answer 5

answer to the black box

reaction time dependent

Question 6

Serial/sequential processing

Answer 6

single channel, one process before the next

Question 7

Parallel/processing

Answer 7

multi channel, all process at the same time

Question 8

Serial or parallel processing depends on what?

Answer 8

task
expertise
motivation

Question 9

Stage 1 of IP, stim identification

Answer 9

stim detection
environmental input received and processed at different levels (memory/associative), reaction time dependents: complexity, intensity, clarity

pattern recognition: humans decipher between static or dynamic situations
pattern=learned or genetically defined

Question 10

Stage 2 of IP, response selection

Answer 10

processing time depends on:

Hicks Law (increase choice=incrase RT)
Compatibility
Practice
Predictability

Question 11

Stage 3 of IP, response programming

Answer 11

organization/initiation of action
final process for communication with the environment
depends on: number of moving parts, movement duration/movement accuracy

Henry rogers experiment: increase complexity=increase RT, when the stim is constant and the motor is changed

Question 12

Anticipation in general?

Answer 12

stim in everyday is predictable=good success

Question 13

3 types of anticipation

Answer 13

receptor: from sensory how long it’ll take
effector: predict how long itll take to do something
perceptual: w/o seeing it, determine how long it’ll take

Question 14

Spatial anticipation

Answer 14

anticipates type/what kind response is required

allows selection before stim arrives

planning movement while another is being executed

Question 15

Temporal anticipation

Answer 15

anticipates when stim will arrive

foreperiod: time before stim arrives

Constant foreperiod: decreased reaction time

Question 16

Automatic information processing

Answer 16

limited volitional attention
stim arrives–>neurons activated
parallel processing

Question 17

Controlled information processing

Answer 17

requires active attention
serial processing
slower in nature/unlearned

Question 18

“Other factors” of IP

Answer 18

Arousal, anxiety, attention

Question 19

Arousal factor of IP

Answer 19

inverted U principal with peak=optimal

decreased perception of stim outside of primary focus
freezing/disrupts action
task/environment dependent