Information Management (EXTENSIVE)

Question 1

What is database design focused on?

Answer 1

How the database structure will be used to store and manage end-user data.

Question 2

What does Data Modeling refer to?

Answer 2

The process of creating a specific data model for a determined problem domain.

Question 3

What is a data model?

Answer 3

A simple representation, usually graphical, of more complex real-world data structures.

Question 4

Why are data models important?

Answer 4

They facilitate interaction among the designer, applications programmer, and end user.

Question 5

What are the basic building blocks of a data model?

Answer 5

Entities, Attributes, Relationships.

Question 6

Define ‘Entity’ in the context of data models.

Answer 6

A person, place, thing, or event about which data will be collected and stored.

Question 7

Define ‘Attribute’ in data modeling.

Answer 7

A characteristic of an entity.

Question 8

What does ‘Relationship’ describe in data models?

Answer 8

An association among entities.

Question 9

List the three types of relationships in data models.

Answer 9

• One-to-one (1:1) relationship
• One-to-many (1:M) relationship
• Many-to-many (M:M) relationship

Question 10

What was the Hierarchical Model developed for?

Answer 10

To manage large amounts of data for complex manufacturing projects.

Question 11

What is the basic logical structure of the Hierarchical Model?

Answer 11

An upside-down tree.

Question 12

What is a Segment in the Hierarchical Model?

Answer 12

The equivalent of a file system’s record type.

Question 13

What was the purpose of the Network Model?

Answer 13

To represent complex data relationships more effectively than the hierarchical model.

Question 14

What is a Schema in database terminology?

Answer 14

The conceptual organization of the entire database as viewed by the database administrator.

Question 15

What does Data Manipulation Language (DML) define?

Answer 15

The environment in which data can be managed.

Question 16

Who introduced the Relational Model and when?

Answer 16

E. F. Codd of IBM in 1970.

Question 17

What is the foundation of the Relational Model based on?

Answer 17

A mathematical concept known as a relation.

Question 18

Who introduced the Entity Relationship Model (ERM) and when?

Answer 18

Peter Chen in 1976.

Question 19

What does the Object-Oriented Data Model (OODM) combine?

Answer 19

Data and its relationships in a single structure known as an object.

Question 20

Define ‘Object’ in the Object-Oriented Data Model.

Answer 20

An abstraction of a real-world entity.

Question 21

What does ‘Inheritance’ refer to in OODM?

Answer 21

The ability of an object within the class hierarchy to inherit attributes.

Question 22

What is the purpose of Extensible Markup Language (XML)?

Answer 22

To represent and manipulate data elements.

Question 23

What are the three basic characteristics of Big Data?

Answer 23

• Volume
• Velocity
• Variety

Question 24

What does NoSQL stand for?

Answer 24

Not only SQL.

Question 25

List the general characteristics of NoSQL databases.

Answer 25

* Not based on the relational model and SQL * Support distributed database architectures * Provide high scalability, high availability, and fault tolerance * Handle very large amounts of sparse data * Geared toward performance rather than transaction consistency

Question 26

What does the External Model represent in the ANSI/SPARC architecture?

Answer 26

The end user's view of the data environment.

Question 27

What is the Conceptual Model known for?

Answer 27

Representing a global view of the entire database by the organization.

Question 28

What does the Internal Model represent?

Answer 28

The database as 'seen' by the DBMS.

Question 29

What is the Physical Model's role in data abstraction?

Answer 29

Describing how data is saved on storage media.