Information Management (EXTENSIVE) Flashcards
What is database design focused on?
How the database structure will be used to store and manage end-user data.
What does Data Modeling refer to?
The process of creating a specific data model for a determined problem domain.
What is a data model?
A simple representation, usually graphical, of more complex real-world data structures.
Why are data models important?
They facilitate interaction among the designer, applications programmer, and end user.
What are the basic building blocks of a data model?
Entities, Attributes, Relationships.
Define ‘Entity’ in the context of data models.
A person, place, thing, or event about which data will be collected and stored.
Define ‘Attribute’ in data modeling.
A characteristic of an entity.
What does ‘Relationship’ describe in data models?
An association among entities.
List the three types of relationships in data models.
- One-to-one (1:1) relationship
- One-to-many (1:M) relationship
- Many-to-many (M:M) relationship
What was the Hierarchical Model developed for?
To manage large amounts of data for complex manufacturing projects.
What is the basic logical structure of the Hierarchical Model?
An upside-down tree.
What is a Segment in the Hierarchical Model?
The equivalent of a file system’s record type.
What was the purpose of the Network Model?
To represent complex data relationships more effectively than the hierarchical model.
What is a Schema in database terminology?
The conceptual organization of the entire database as viewed by the database administrator.
What does Data Manipulation Language (DML) define?
The environment in which data can be managed.
Who introduced the Relational Model and when?
E. F. Codd of IBM in 1970.
What is the foundation of the Relational Model based on?
A mathematical concept known as a relation.
Who introduced the Entity Relationship Model (ERM) and when?
Peter Chen in 1976.
What does the Object-Oriented Data Model (OODM) combine?
Data and its relationships in a single structure known as an object.
Define ‘Object’ in the Object-Oriented Data Model.
An abstraction of a real-world entity.
What does ‘Inheritance’ refer to in OODM?
The ability of an object within the class hierarchy to inherit attributes.
What is the purpose of Extensible Markup Language (XML)?
To represent and manipulate data elements.
What are the three basic characteristics of Big Data?
- Volume
- Velocity
- Variety
What does NoSQL stand for?
Not only SQL.
List the general characteristics of NoSQL databases.
- Not based on the relational model and SQL
- Support distributed database architectures
- Provide high scalability, high availability, and fault tolerance
- Handle very large amounts of sparse data
- Geared toward performance rather than transaction consistency
What does the External Model represent in the ANSI/SPARC architecture?
The end user’s view of the data environment.
What is the Conceptual Model known for?
Representing a global view of the entire database by the organization.
What does the Internal Model represent?
The database as ‘seen’ by the DBMS.
What is the Physical Model’s role in data abstraction?
Describing how data is saved on storage media.
