Informatics 5- Architectures of Information Systems

Question 1

internet and world wide web

Answer 1

• computers must network to exchange data
• local area networks (LANS)
• internet: global network-of networks using telecommunications protocol/internet protocol stack (TCP/IP)
• 1960s: advanced research project agency network (ARPANET)
• 1989: World Wide Web (WWW) by tim berbers-lee
• browser- hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
• hypertext markup language (HTML)- language we talk to

Question 2

LANS

Answer 2

local area networks

Question 3

HTTP vs HTTS

Answer 3

• HTTS- secure -> important for healthcare

- HTTP- non-secure

Question 4

interoperability of the internet

Answer 4

• global use of standards HTTP
• exchange data in HTML
• transport of data by TCP/IP
• each device (host) must have an internet protocol (IP) address
• IP address and a routing prefix or “subnet mask”
• 192.168.10.1 and subnet mask 255.254.254.0
• IP version 4, new one version version 6
• domain name system (DNS)- common language based addresses

Question 5

application layer

Answer 5

• HTTP
• google drive, blackboard, solar
• must be certified with the EMR to make sure its secure*

Question 6

host

Answer 6

-you are the host when you are on a computer

Question 7

host to target

Answer 7

• host (laptop) -> application layer -> transports (TCP) to -> network layer (IP) -> goes to data link layer
• media for data transfer (ethernet) -> is it big enough and secure enough to transmit the data -> this is our biggest issue
• goes back to data link layer -> network layer (IP) -> transport layer (TCP) -> application layer (HTTP) -> target (webserver)

Question 8

web services

Answer 8

• local PC or server
• web server
• task specific applications via a series of transactions to and from other web-aware applications/services over internet
• representational state transfer (RESTful)- what its gonna look like when it transmits the information
• simple object access protocol (SOAP)- protocol in which the information is transmitted

Question 9

server

Answer 9

• always multiple transaction with multiple users and multiple programs
• decentralized
• can go everywhere

Question 10

RESTful

Answer 10

• what its gonna look like when it transmits the information

- representational state transfer

Question 11

SOAP

Answer 11

protocol in which the information is transmitted

-simple object access protocol

Question 12

health information organization (HIO) and web services

Answer 12

• requires:
• master patients index (MPI)- consists of the medical record number
• record locator service (RLS)- whos looking at it, where is it being stored, locates records
• gateways- connects and separates within the same network
• adaptors (connectors software)

Question 13

medical record number

Answer 13

• unique number that identifies the patient
• this is a problem when someone has more than one number bc of mistakes -> new names, new addresses, new insurances
• if you come in unconscious it becomes a problem
• medical record numbers can be merged after bills are paid, labs are in etc.

Question 14

adaptor

Answer 14

• NIC card

- ethernet port

Question 15

record locator service (RLS)

Answer 15

• whos looking at the records
• where is it being stored
• locates records

Question 16

application

Answer 16

-not user friendly
-access network services
-blackboard -> not google
-

Question 17

presentation

Answer 17

-translates data

Question 18

session

Answer 18

• establishes, maintains and terminates “sessions”
• logging into blackboard -> creates a session
• now you can communicate

Question 19

transport

Answer 19

-error recognition and recovery

Question 20

network

Answer 20

• message control, switching and routing
• how are be getting there
• is it wired?

Question 21

data link

Answer 21

• packages data from physical layer into frames (special packets) and its responsible for error free from transfer from one computer (node) to another
• data is unstructured information

Question 22

physical

Answer 22

-unstructured raw data stream from other layers

Question 23

open systems interconnection stack

Answer 23

• number starts from the top to the bottom

- seven layers of OSI

Question 24

seven layers of OSI

Answer 24

• numbers start from the top to the bottom
• 1. application layer’
• 2. presentation layer
• 3. session layer
• 4. transport layer
• 5. network layer
• 6. data link layer
• 7. physical layer
• top down -> transmit data
• down to top -> receive data

Question 25

networks

Answer 25

• group of computers linked together to share information
• dial-up modem, wireless fidelity (WiFi), digital subscription line (DSL), 3G/4G, cable modem or T1 lines
• internet protocol (IP) is a standard that segments data, voice and video
• transmission performance:
• bandwidth
• packet loss- loss of data
• end-to-end delay

Question 26

max distance of coaxial?

Answer 26

320ft

Question 27

transmission

Answer 27

• federal information processing standard (FIPS)
• encryption technique encodes each packet
• cant be read while transmitted -> this is how people hack information
• only during the transmission while it be encrypted and not stolen -> most secure
• adds some delay and increase bandwidth

Question 28

encryption

Answer 28

• secures data
• more encryption you put on a file -> the bigger it becomes and the slower
• you need a very robust network and servers for a high encryption
• while information is being transmitted through the network information can be stolen if its not encrypted
• only during the transmission while it be encrypted and not stolen -> most secure

Question 29

personal area networks (PANs)

Answer 29

• bluetooth
• close proximity network linked by bluetooth
• security issues
• almost all bluetoth has the same numbers

Question 30

local area networks (LANs)

Answer 30

• computers linked in office, hospital, or home
• nodes (computers, printers) connecting technology (wired or wireless) and specialized equipment (hubs, routers)
• phone or DSL up to 128 Mbps
• ethernet (Cat 5 cables)
• security issues too
• keyword “only” two countries can only talk to each other -> LAN

Question 31

wireless (WiFi) networks (WLANS)

Answer 31

• wireless (WiFi) networks (WLANS)
• 54 Mbps to 900 Mbps
• slower and more expensive
• does not require hubs or switches
• interference from microwaves, cordless phones and bluetooth
• security established using encryption scheme (WiFi protected access II (WAP2)) or firewall

Question 32

wide area networks (WANs)

Answer 32

• cross city or national borders
• ex. within US
• two countries talking to each other, two hospitals talking to each other (keyword no “only”)

Question 33

global area networks (GANs)

Answer 33

• connected networks with unlimited geographic area
• 3G, 4G
• 54-70 mbps
• spotty coverage
• worldwide

Question 34

network types

Answer 34

• wireless (WiFI) networks (WLANs)
• local area network (LANs)
• wide area network (WANs)
• global area network (GANs)

Question 35

virtual private virtual networks (VPNs)

Answer 35

• home computer attached to network at work by communicating with VPN server associated with that network
• authentication and security
• “tunneling protocols” encrypt data by sender and decrypt it at receivers via secured tunnel

Question 36

open architect

Answer 36

-able to change things around

Question 37

closed architect

Answer 37

-cant make any changes

Question 38

mainframe

Answer 38

-centralized

Question 39

server

Answer 39

• decentralized

- can go everywhere

Question 40

TCP/IP

Answer 40

• transfer data

- protocol

Question 41

HTML

Answer 41

exchange data

-hypertext markup language

Question 42

DNS

Answer 42

• domain name system

- common language based address

Question 43

HTTP

Answer 43

hypertext transfer protocol

-HTTPS- hypertext transfer protocol secure