Informatics 3b- Hardware and Software Flashcards
information literacy
- identify information needed
- locate pertinent information
- evaluate information
- apply information correctly
information/hardware
- understanding where information comes from, what it represents, and how it is generated, ensures that a healthcare professional will maximize that information resource
- understanding hardware technology ensures the healthcare professional that the company’s processing will deliver information
information system
- purpose:
- to automate- make to make your life simple -> after 3 clicks there is something wrong -> notify when something is wrong
- to control- what the user sees, how much, and what you need to see -> access
- to simplify
- to maximize productivity- get info quicker, treat quick, get them out
-gathers raw data and processes it into useable information
purpose of information system components
- purpose:
- output
- application
- human- makes the mistakes
- end user classification- people that use it
- information specialist classification- people that train
information system components: hardware
- computer group- networks, computers
- peripherals group- printers, monitors
information system components: data
- storage methodology
- elements
information system components: software
- operation component
- business logic component
shortcuts
- lead to mistakes
- if something goes wrong and you only know the shortcut you dont have a backup solution (the long way)
purpose of components
- transactions- HL7
- information- structured information
- knowledge
- support
data
unstructured information
hardware component
- computer-
- CPU or processor- the brains
- primary storage
- secondary storage
- peripheral (input and output devices)
history of computer
- ENIAC 1946 the electronic numerical integrator and calculator
- first computer
special purpose computers
- supercomputer- mind-blowing, artificial intelligence, very powerful, bioinformatics
- mainframes- centralized, dumb terminal connected, 1:1 ratio
- workstation- powerful, CPU, hardware, $$
- personal computer
servers
- powerful machines that serve many users and handle many transactions
- allows many users, many transaction, many programs at the same time
- combines everything
digital devices
- data representation
- represented by combinations of ones and off- 0’d and 1’s
- ex. digital clock, digital thermometer
analog devices
- data represented
- measures continuous physical property or quantity
- ex. face clock, mercury thermometer
digital points of reference: conversions***
- test*
- 1,024 bytes = 1 kilobyte (1k)
- 1,024 kilobyte = 1 megabyte (1 meg)
- 1,024 megabytes = 1 gigabyte (1 gig)
- 1,024 gigabyte = 1 terabyte
- in health care we deal with terabytes
Digital points of reference: disks sizes
- floppy disk
- hard disk- spins, expensive, fragile
- CD-ROM
- DVD-ROM
- mainframe / server hard disk arrays
Central processing unit
- CPU
- 3 majors components (only need to know 2)
- arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)- speaks in numbers, math, calculations
- control unit- controls the CPU, where the data is going
primary storage
- a device on your computer that stores all of your applications such as operating system, word, excel, access, etc.
- can be erased
- RAM
- hard drives*
- USB
erased
- primary storage
- RAM
- hard drives
- USB
- magnetic field can erase it
- permanent damage
RAM
- primary storage
- memory (DRAM) is a component in your computer that allows your system to perform many of its everyday tasks, such as load applications, browse the web, edit a spreadsheet in excel, or experience the realism of the latest game
- memory is what allows your computer to perform its basic functions
- as a general rule -> more memory you have the better
- quicker route -> memorizes stuff so you dont have to go to the hard drive
- volatile
- RAM > hard drive
- chip
- temporally stores
- allows you to open a bunch of browsers at once
- more maneuvering
- once you shut off the computer it erases the RAM -> starts over
secondary storage/memory
- cannot be erased
- ROM
ROM
- after the computer is on the ROM is useless
- Memory is what allows your computer to perform its basic function
- As a general rule, the more memory you have, the better
- helps turn on the computer
- like the key to a car
open/closed architecture
- allows you to add devices
- system board contains expansion slots in which you can plug expansion boards for additional hardware
- closed architecture- everything is built in and cant be changed -> laptop
- open architecture- can change parts and upgrade it -> desktop
- ex. sound card, graphics card
RPM
- RPM- revolutions per minute
- storage
- more spins -> faster -> but more heat
- more heat -> greater chance of failure
why are laptops more expensive
-smaller parts
inputs
- 2 types
- input and output
- microphone -> input- you must put information in
- speaker- output
- CD ROM or DVD- input
- CD-RW (rewritable)- input and output -> you can put information in and out
- touch screen monitor- input output
- document scanner- input
- mouse- input
fiber optic signal
-light
computer connectivity
- wired networks
- wireless networks
- modems
- router
wireless network -> slowest to fastest
-A, B, C, G, N, X
wired network -> fastest to slowest
-fiber optic, coaxial, CAT-5, DSL, RJ45
operating systems
- way we explain information
- provide file, display, networking, etc. services to users and programmers
programmers
- standard interface
- avoids “reinventing the wheel”
- file access, display, network connection, etc.
- not smart- they just put things on screens
users
- smart
- make things happen
- file management, maintenance, utilities
windows
-graphical user interface (GUI)
Macintosh
- original GUI
- apple
unix
- workstation oriented
- linux is a derivative gaining ground
- heavy duty operating system
- impressive- barely goes down
- robust
network system
- user accessibility
- control
novell
-operation system for networks
computer software applications
- everyday apps we always use
- word processing
- spreadsheets
- database management system (DBMS)
- bibliographic management programs
- presentation programs
- graphic programs
- email applications
- web browser software
- web authoring program
data management software
- data files
- databases
database
- file cabinet
- organization
- labels
summary
- new innovations in computer applications will help manage health information
- technology has advanced compared to the first generation of computers
- healthcare professionals should be computer literate
