Informatics 3a- Networking Flashcards
1
Q
networking
A
- connecting to other items
- talking to other items
- privilege’s define what you can get into -> what you have access to
- interconnected collection of autonomous computers and peripheral devices
2
Q
informatics
A
- increase productivity of everyone else
- decrease productivity of doctors
3
Q
Local area network (LAN)
A
- talking only to people in this classroom
- people on stony brook can only talk to people on stony brook
- talking to only one person -> no one else can join in
- ex. stony brook hospital
4
Q
Wide area network (WAN)
A
- talking to people outside the classroom
- people from stony brook can talk to people outside of stony brook
- you and someone else talking to each other -> if other people jump in it becomes wide area
- ex. internet
5
Q
devices on a network
A
- computers- PC’s, services, workstations, mass storage devices (backup), PDA’s pocket pc’s
- printers
- point of sales devices- cash registers
- medical devices- physiological monitors, OB-CIS system, radiology (PACS), lab analyzers
- other hardware- routers, switches, bridges, firewalls, gateways, moderns, etc.
6
Q
what can you do with a network
A
- move information from system to system, data base to data base
- share resources
- share printers
- use applications that are shared on a network
- send e-mail
- participate in electronic discussion groups
- monitor and control users access to resources*
7
Q
past computer networks
A
- centralized systems
- main frame (were all the data is held) and dumb terminals
- controlled
- you have to connect a wire from the main frame to the dumb terminal in order to get access
- finite connections
- closed system
- computing takes place on the mainframe
- easier for mgmt to control
- stand alone (PCs)
- hard wired terminals connected to a central unit (mainframes)
- no hacking
- ran slow
8
Q
dumb terminals
A
- terminal that is able to see a signal
- you need to run a wire to the main frame to the dumb terminal
9
Q
current computer networks
A
- decentralized networking
- client/server computing
- computing takes place on client
- open system
- as long as you have internet and permissions you can have access
- easily hackable
- LAN and WAN
- hard to manage
- peer networks
10
Q
transmission media
A
- network components
- wired media (phone line, DSL)
- coaxial cable
- fiber optic media
- radio media
11
Q
transmitters/receivers
A
- network components
- network interface cards
- modems
- bridges
- gateways
- routers
12
Q
network operating system
A
- authentication
- file security- different roles, different access
- connection to resources
- running in the background
13
Q
authentication
A
- network operating system
- username and password
- based on the authentication it defines what you can access and where you can go
- very important for healthcare
- file access
- how much speed you get*
14
Q
wired media
A
- one or more strands of metal
- conductors of electricity
- data are transmitted along these conductors in the form of changing electrical voltages
- copper wire transmits electrical signal
- signal strength
- if youre using a copper wire -> after a certain amount of distance it starts losing its speed****
15
Q
twisted pair cable
A
- has a special conducting layer located within the insulation -> makes the cable less susceptible to interference -> shielding
- wires need to be shielded
- electromagnetic wires are susceptible to interference -> need to be shielded -> keeps cable from emitting energy that would interfere with other nearby equipment
- shielding leads to thickness
-after 320 ft the signal deters 50% or greater -> needs to be plugged in again to revamp
16
Q
RJ45
A
- cable on a phone
- simplest of a network
- 4 wires
- 10 megabits per sec
- 100 megabits or less
17
Q
coaxial cable
A
- copper media capable of transmitting high speed digital signals and wide bandwidth
- analog
- 100 megabits per sec
- carries more information over a greater distance
- susceptible to interference
- thick, wide wire
- cost-effective
- optimum online
- for private and business use
- easily installed
- more accessible to the general public
- people now can run whole business from home
- disadvantages- electromagnetic interference and possibility of rust and corrosion
- types:
- thin net
- thick net
18
Q
CAT-5
A
- ethernet cable
- came after RJ45 and DSL
- 100 megabits per sec
- does carry as much data as coaxial cable
- digital signal
- 320 ft. -> how far it transmits
19
Q
DSL
A
- phone line on steroids
- 4-6 wires
- 50 megabits per sec
20
Q
fiber optic media
A
- data is carried in the form of light pulses
- made of glass -> transmits light
- accommodates extremely high bandwidth
- true gigabit technology
- no interference
- 1,000 megabits per sec
- almost the speed of light
- disadvantages- higher cost and greater difficulty to install
- specialized equipment needs to be integrated into the network
- very fragile, can snap and break -> expensive
- 20-50$ a foot- single strand
- orange color- bc fragile
- gravity**- magnetic field gets higher close to MRI -> affects the light and can break it
- advantages- interference is not a problem, fastest transport media available
- net affected by electricity -> affected by magnets and gravity
21
Q
network interface cards
A
- serves as an adapter to allow a microcomputer to connect to a high speed LAN
- ethernet card
- can be integrated or in the form of an expansion card
- PC cards in a laptop
- can be wired or wireless
- to connect a hard wire into a computer to you need an interface card
- signal transmitted over a hard wired line -> ethernet card
- ethernet card transmits analog to digital
- server talks digital (101011) -> ethernet card transmits the digital to analog (electromagnetic signal) -> modem transmits it back to digital from analog
- allows for connection to the computer
22
Q
modems
A
- changes signals from analog to digital
- modulates and demodulates
- can take the form of a card located inside the computer (internal modem) or a separate component connect to, but located outside of the computer (external modem)
- signal coming from an outside institution -> analog -> modem changes it to digital
23
Q
digital
A
- 0101010
- computer language
- bit
24
Q
analog
A
- electromagnetic signal or light
- fiber optic light signal
- language computer doesnt understand
25
gateways
- interfaces that connect 2 or more networks that use similar protocols
- connects or separates things on a the same *network (ex. authentication from security)
26
bridges
- represents the interface between 2 networks that use dissimilar protocols to communicate
- if network is too big
- separates or connects 2 different networks *
27
firewalls
-are responsible for network security and integrity of data
-blocks out outside people
-invisible forcefield that protects a network from people getting in
-once a person gets into the network -> you are vulnerable
-
28
router
- traffic cop
- allows one signal to multi-signals
- controls speed
- preventing collisions
- put it in the middle floor
- routers get weaker through the the floors
29
network
signal
30
what interferes with hard ware
-electric
31
what controls the network
network operating system
32
wireless communication
- support handheld and other portable applications
- new technologies- intel centrino chips, wireless routers, IEEE 8o2.11a-g
- will never be as fast as wired
- one purpose- convenience
- to improve the quality of care
- enhance efficiency of delivery system
- help clinicians better satisfy patients needs- MD everywhere bluetooth tech
- from most powerful to least:
- X
- N
- G
- C
- B
- A
- make sure the network that you have matches the wireless letter it can handle
33
bandwidth
- 10 mbps (megabits per sec) standard -> entire text in seconds
- 1000 mbps becoming cost effective
- if high demand- install multiple LANs
34
protocols
- transmission is governed by sets of technical standards for communication called protocols
- take care of how the connection made between machines
- ex. TCP/IP
- transfer control protocol
- internet protocol
- address (120.12.134.294)
35
address
- everyones computer has a address
- every network device has a address
- cant be duplicated or erased
- mac address
- letters and number -> computers dont understand letters
- IP address- only numbers so the computer can understand -> can track what youre doing, where you are, how long
- IP address is basically the same as mac address
- bridge will connect two separate addresses (networks)
36
summary
-the collection of devices on the network make it possible for medical systems to function on a day to day basis and stay connected
37
mac address
- cannot be erased or duplicated
- every device has one
- letters and numbers -> harder to remember
38
IP address
- only numbers
- easier to remember
- every device has one
39
the way medical systems talk to each other
HL7
| -health language 7
