Influenza and drug

Question 1

Influenza- types

Answer 1

distinguished by the NP, M1 and M2 proteins

Question 2

7 types of influenza A (expanded to human host)

Answer 2

H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, H5N1, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2

Question 3

Influenza and common cold

Answer 3

usually self limiting in 2-7 days

sudden onset of high fever and extreme fatigue

Question 4

virus replication cycle

Answer 4

attachment and internalisation
fusion and uncoating
replication
assembly and packaging
dispersal

Question 5

Amantadine/ Rimantadine (methyl derivative)

Answer 5

• inhibit the uncoating of influenza A (not B)
• block the M2 pore ion channel, prevent the H+ influx
• stop the acidification of virus core which is needed to activate the viral RNA transcriptase
• inhibit the replication of virus

Question 6

Neuraminidase inhibitors

Answer 6

• zanamivir (inhalation), oseltamivir (oral)- 5 day
• peramivir (IV, single dose)
• binds to neuraminidase and prevents the cleavage of sialic acid in the host cell receptor
• prevent the release of progeny virions

Question 7

Baloxavir (single dose, oral)

Answer 7

• inhibit the polymerase acidic endonuclease

- prevent the synthesis of mRNA and thus replication