Inflation Flashcards
Inflation
Inflation is persistent rise in the average price of goods of services
Deflation
Deflation is negative inflation: fall in price
Disinflation
Disinflation is reduction in rate of inflation
Stagflation
Stagflation is combination of inflation and rising unemployment due to recession
Reflation
Reflation is when inflation returns after a spell of deflation and recession thus showing growth is back
Open Inflation
Open inflation is when govt does not manage the inflation through subsidies, fiscal and monetary policies
Suppressed Inflation
Suppressed inflation: When inflation is managed by fiscal and monetary policies that is inflation is there but govt is keeping it under check
Also called hidden inflation
Creeping Inflation
Creeping inflation is Up-to 4%
Trotting Inflation
Trotting inflation is 5-10%
Galloping Inflation
Galloping is 10-20%
Runaway Inflation
Runaway is between Galloping and Hyper inflation
Hyperinflation
Hyperinflation requires a monthly inflation of 20-30 %
C
Cost Push Inflation
Cost Push inflation is also known as supply shock
Structural Inflation
Structural inflation is a type of persistent inflation due to certain deficiencies in economy
Structural inflation constraints
- Leakage in PDS
- inefficient distribution: Duplicity and ghost beneficiaries
- Monopoly of APMC
- Inability of agriculture sector to respond to increased demands for certain portion due to MSP
- poor storage conditions
Fiscal Measures to control inflation
FM- reduction in indirect taxes
Monetary measures to combat inflation
MM- Repo and reverse repo, CRR, SLR, MSF, OMO
Administrative measures to combat inflation
AM- Essential commodities act, dishoarding, anti black marketing measures
GDP Deflator
Ratio of nominal to real GDP
- Measures of inflation
Producer Price Index (PPI)
Measures the change in prices received by a producer
Order of price indexes
PPI > WPI > CPI
Philips Curve
Inverse relationship b/w rate of inflation and rate of unemployment
Repressed Inflation
- Repressed inflation is when govt interrupts a price rise through measures like price control and rationing.
- Distribution system is based on govt control
Golder Committee
In 2014 introduced Producer Price Index
Urjit Patel committee
UP- ideal inflation is 4% +-2%
Chakravarty Committee
CVC- Ideal inflation is 4%
Chandrasekhar Committee
Service Price Index
Wholesale Price Index WPI
WPI
By- office of Economic Advisor (OEA), Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP)
Base Year- 2011-12
Composition: Mfd products-64% (Basic metals > mfd food)
Primary Articles- 23% (food>non food> minerals)
Fuel & Power - 13% (Mineral oil > Electricity > Coal)
No SERVICE and UNORGANISED sector
Index of eight Core Industries (ICI)
ICI
By- Office of Economic Advisor , Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP)
Type: Eight core industries
Base Year: 2011-12
Composition: Petroleum refinery (28%)> Electricity (20%) > Steel (18%) > Coal (10%) > Crude Oil (9%) > Natural Gas (7%) > Cement (5%) > Fertilizer (3%)
Index of Industrial Production (IIP)
IIP
By- Central Statistical Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI)
Base Year- 2011-12
Composition: Mfg (78%) > Mining (14%) > Electricity (8%)
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
- Rural, Urban, Combined
By: Central Statistical Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI)
- Housing not covered in Rural
CPI labour
By labour Bureau
Base year:
Agri Labour- 1986-87
Rural Labour- 1986-87
Industrial Worker- 2016
Experiment Business service price Index (BSPI)
BSPI
By-OEA, DIPP
Monthly: Railway/Banking/Air/Portal
Quarterly: Insurance/Telecom
Yearly: Port
Nikkei Purchasing Managers Index (PMI)
By: Nikkei Japan
RESIDEX
RESIDEX
By- National Housing Board (NHB)
Base Year: 2017-18
Quarterly: 50 cities
Housing Price Index
HPI
By- RBI
Base year- 2010-11
Quarterly: 10 cities
GDP Deflator
GDP Deflator
By- CSO MoSPI
Cost of Inflation Index
By- Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT), Ministry of Finance
