Inflammatory Mediators Flashcards
Where is serotonin released from and what are its actions
Released from: Platelets
Actions: Vasoconstriction
Where is histamine released from and what are its actions
Released from: Mast cells, basophils, platelets
Actions: Promotes vasodilation of local arterioles
-Increases permeability of local capillaries- promoting formation of exudate
-Endothelial activation
Where is prostaglandin released from and what are its actions
Released from: Mast cells, leukocytes
Actions: -Promotes vasodilation of local arterioles
-Increases permeability of local capillaries, promoting formation of exudate
-Induce neutrophil chemotaxis
-Induce pain and fever
Where are leukotrines released from and what are its actions
Released from: Mast cells, leukocytes
Actions: Increased vascular permeability
-Increased chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion and activation
Where are kinins released from and what are there actions
Released from: Liver (plasma)
Actions: Promotes vasodilation of local arterioles
-Increases permeability of local capillaries, promoting formation of exudate
-Induce chemotaxis of leukocytes and prompt neutrophils to release lysosomal enzymes, thereby enhancing generation of more kinins
-Induce pain and smooth muscle contraction
Where is thromboxane released from and what are its actions
Released from: Platelets
Actions: -Stimulates platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction
Where is NO released from and what are its actions
Released from: Endothelium, macrophages
Actions: Vasodilation/smooth muscle relaxation, killing of microbes
Where is TNF-alpha released from and what are its actions
Released from: activated macrophages, as well as mast
cells, endothelial cells
Actions: -Stimulate the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, resulting in increased leukocyte binding and recruitment and production
-Enhance the production of additional cytokines (notably chemokines)
-Act on the brain to produce fever
-Act on skeletal muscle to cause insulin resistance
Where is IL-1 released from and what are its actions
Released from: activated macrophages, as well as mast
cells, endothelial cells
Actions:Stimulate the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, resulting in increased leukocyte binding and recruitment and production
-Enhance the production of additional cytokines (notably chemokines)
-Also act on the brain to produce fever
-Stimulate the liver to produce acute phase proteins
-Act on skeletal muscle to cause insulin resistance
Where is IL-6 released from and what are its actions
Released from: Activated macrophages, fibroblasts and B/T cells
Actions: -Stimulates liver to produce acute phase proteins
-Recruits neutrophils
-Stimulates differentiation of Th17 and Th1 cells
-Induces Ab formation by B cells
-Endothelial activation
Where is IL-8 released from and what are its actions
Released from: activated macrophages,
endothelial cells, mast cells, and fibroblasts
Actions: Activates and attracts neutrophils
