Inflammatory Mediators

Question 1

Histamine

Answer 1

1. Secreted by Mast Cells and Basophiles.
2. Vascular response: dilatation.
3. Bronchial response: constriction.
4. Derive from histidine.
5. Major function:
   - vasodilatation
   - vascular permeability
   - primary mediator of anaphylaxis

Question 2

Prostaglandins

Answer 2

1. Secreted by many tissues.
2. Vascular response: dilatation.
3. Bronchial response: variable.
4. Derive from arachidonic acid.
5. Major function:
   - vasodilatation
   - pain
   - fever

Question 3

Leukotrienes (SRS-A)

Answer 3

1. Secreted by leukocytes, lung, endothelium, mast cells.
2. Vascular response: dilatation.
3. Bronchial response: constriction.
4. Derive from: arachidonic acid.
5. Major function:
   - vascular permeability
   - chemotaxis (LT-B4)
   - primary mediator of asthma

Question 4

Cytokines

Answer 4

1. Secreted by leukocytes and endothelium.
2. Vascular response: none directly
3. Bronchial response: none directly
4. Derive from: various
5. Major function:
   - fever (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a)
   - chemotaxis (IL-8)

Question 5

Serotonin

Answer 5

1. Secreted by platelets, gastric mucosa.
2. Vascular response: constriction.
3. Bronchial response: no effect.
4. Derive from tryptophan.
5. Major function: vascular permeability.

Question 6

Bradykinin

Answer 6

1. Secreted by: in plasma.
2. Vascular response: dilatation.
3. Bronchial response: dilatation.
4. Derive from kininogen.
5. Major function:
   - pain
   - vascular permeability

Question 7

Nitric oxide

Answer 7

1. Secreted by: endothelium, macrophages.
2. Vascular response: dilatation
3. Bronchial response: variable
4. Derive from arginine.
5. Major function:
   - vasodilatation
   - tissue damage

Question 8

Complement proteins

Answer 8

1. Secreted by: in plasma
2. Vascular response: dilatation.
3. Bronchial response: constriction.
4. Derive from hepatocytes.
5. Major function:
   - vascular permeability (C3a, C5a)
   - chemotaxis (C5a)

Question 9

Lysosomal enzymes

Answer 9

1. Secreted by neutrophils and macrophages.
2. Vascular response: no effect.
3. Bronchial response: no effect.
4. Derive from: various.
5. Major functions:
   - bacterial killing
   - tissue damage

Question 10

F-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP)

Answer 10

1. Secreted by bacterial cells.
2. Vascular response: no effect.
3. Bronchial response: no effect.
4. Derive from various amino acids.
5. Major function:
   - chemotaxis