Inflammatory bowel disease Flashcards
What is the primary characteristic feature of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)?
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to persistent activation of the mucosal immune system.
What are the two main types of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)?
The two main types of IBD are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
What are the primary genetic factors associated with the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)?
Genetic susceptibility plays a significant role in IBD, with specific genes such as HLA-DR1/DR1/DQw5 and NOD2 being associated with Crohn’s disease, while HLA-DR2 is associated with ulcerative colitis.
How does the abnormality in Paneth cells contribute to the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)?
Abnormalities in Paneth cells can lead to the secretion of antimicrobial substances being affected, compromising the intestinal barrier function and contributing to the inflammatory process in IBD.
What are the common diagnostic methods used for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)?
Diagnosis of IBD typically involves clinical history assessment, radiographic examination, laboratory investigations, and tissue biopsy.
What are the clinical features commonly observed in Crohn’s disease?
Common clinical features of Crohn’s disease include diarrhea, fever, fatigue, abdominal pain, blood in stool, mouth sores, reduced appetite and weight loss, and extraintestinal manifestations such as joint pain, erythema nodosum, and clubbing of fingernails.
What are some of the complications associated with Crohn’s disease?
Complications of Crohn’s disease may include malnutrition, fistulas, bowel obstructions, and an increased risk of gastrointestinal cancers.
Describe the macroscopic features observed in Crohn’s disease.
Macroscopic features of Crohn’s disease include skip lesions (alternating normal and diseased bowel segments), thickened mesentery, gray serosa with mesenteric fat wraps (creeping fat), muscularis propria thickening, and narrowed lumen with linear ulcers.
What are the characteristic microscopic findings in Crohn’s disease?
Microscopic features of Crohn’s disease include mucosal inflammation with neutrophilic infiltration and crypt abscesses, chronic mucosal damage with abnormal crypt architecture, transmural inflammation with germinal centers, ulceration, and noncaseating granulomas.
What distinguishes Ulcerative Colitis from Crohn’s disease in terms of macroscopic features?
Ulcerative colitis typically presents with continuous lesions limited to the colon, whereas Crohn’s disease can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract and presents with skip lesions.
What are the primary clinical manifestations of Ulcerative Colitis?
Clinical manifestations of ulcerative colitis include mucoid or bloody diarrhea, per rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, bowel obstruction leading to toxic megacolon, and malabsorption.
What complications are commonly associated with Ulcerative Colitis?
Complications of ulcerative colitis include an increased risk of colorectal cancer, bowel obstruction, toxic megacolon, and extraintestinal manifestations such as joint pain and skin lesions.
Describe the macroscopic features observed in Ulcerative Colitis.
Macroscopic features of ulcerative colitis include lesions limited to the colon, broad-based ulcers, friable mucosa, pseudopolyps (regenerative mucosa), and minimal involvement of the submucosa and muscularis propria.
What are the common microscopic findings in Ulcerative Colitis?
Microscopic features of ulcerative colitis include mucosal inflammation with neutrophilic infiltration and crypt abscesses, chronic mucosal damage with abnormal crypt architecture, ulceration involving the mucosal layer, and epithelial dysplasia.
Can you differentiate the types of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s disease based on the affected regions of the gastrointestinal tract?
Ulcerative colitis primarily affects the colon and rectum, while Crohn’s disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus, often with skip lesions.
