Inflammation Review-Unit 2

Question 1

vasodilation mediators (3)

Answer 1

prostaglandins, nitric oxide, histamine

Question 2

increased vascular permeability mediators (7)

Answer 2

histamine and serotonin, C3a and C5a (liberate vasoactive amines from mast and other cells), bradykinin, Leukotrienes (C4, D4, E4), PAF, Substance P

Question 3

Chemotaxis, leukocyte recruitment and activation mediators (6)

Answer 3

TNF, IL-1, Chemokines, C3a/5a, Leukotrine B4, bacterial products

Question 4

fever mediators (3)

Answer 4

IL1, TNF, prostaglandins [cytokines]

Question 5

Pain mediators (2)

Answer 5

Prostaglandins, bradykinin, substance P

Question 6

tissue damage (3)

Answer 6

lysosomal enzymes of leukocytes, ROS, nitric oxide

Question 7

what are the cell derived mediators? (9)

Answer 7

histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, leukotrines, platelet activating factor, ROS, nitric oxide, cytokines, chemokines

Question 8

what are the plasma protein derived mediators? (3)

Answer 8

complement, kinins, proteases activated during coagulation

Question 9

what mediate inflammation recognition?

Answer 9

TLR (TNF), inflammasome (IL-1)

Question 10

what are the important cytokines involved in inflammatory/histamine release/response?

Answer 10

C3a, C5a

Question 11

what happens first in leukocyte recruitment?

Answer 11

you must have endothelial cell activation (they must express selections and integral ligand)

Question 12

rolling is mediated by what?

Answer 12

selectins. selectins are increased by endothelial activation

Question 13

what things are involved in endothelium activation?

Answer 13

TNF, IL-1, Histamine Thrombin

Question 14

what is involved in leukocyte activation?

Answer 14

chemokines

Question 15

what is involved in chemotaxis?

Answer 15

chemokines (IL8), C5a, leukotrine B4 (unique function of this leukotriene involved in chemotaxis), bacterial products

Question 16

what is chemotaxis?

Answer 16

traveling to the site of inflammation

Question 17

what really enhances phagocytosis?

Answer 17

opsonization

Question 18

what are key opsonins? (3)

Answer 18

C3b, IgG, mannose binding lectin

Question 19

phagocyte oxidase makes what super important ROS?

Answer 19

SUPEROXIDE!!!!

Question 20

there are multiple forms of nitric oxide. it is involved by endothelium for vasodilation and in phagocytosis. what is the form that is involved in phagocytosis?

Answer 20

iNOS: NO

Question 21

C3a and C5a are involved with what?

Answer 21

inflammation

Question 22

C3b is involved with what?

Answer 22

phagocytosis

Question 23

MAC is involved with what?

Answer 23

Lysis of microbe

Question 24

IFN Gamma is involved in what 2 cytokine effects?

Answer 24

chronic inflammation, M1 macrophage activation

Question 25

5 LIpoxygenase has what 5 products?

Answer 25

5 HPETE, 4 leukotrienes: A4, C4, D4, E4 (A4=leukotriene B4)

Question 26

12 lipoxygenase makes what 2 lipoxins?

Answer 26

Lipoxin A4, B4

Question 27

Cyclooxygenase makes what things?

Answer 27

prostaglandin G2, H2.

Question 28

prostaglandin H2 makes what?

Answer 28

thromboxane A2, TXA2

Question 29

what happens if you block TNF?

Answer 29

you are at risk for infection!. you are at risk for Tuberculosis or histoplasmosis. Is used for therapy but has side effects (like above).

Question 30

there is a link between the 4 mediator cascades, Hageman Factor (factor 12). What are the 4 cascades that this links?

Answer 30

clotting cascade, kinin cascade, complement cascade, fibrinolytic system

Question 31

what are the anti inflammatory mediators

Answer 31

proteases (alpha-1-antitrypsin), complement (C1 inhibitor, decay-accelerating factor), leukotrienes (lipoxins), IL-10, TGF-beta (M2 Macrophage activation