Inflammation & Repair

Question 1

what is a protective response of the body to injury or invasion of disease?

Answer 1

inflammation

Question 2

how does inflammation differ from infection?

Answer 2

infection requires pathogenic organism (virus, bacteria…). it can cause inflammation when the pathogenic org release toxins

Question 3

chemicals, trauma, foreign substances, physical agents (radiation..), pathogenic org (bacteria, fungus..) and allergies can all cause ____?

Answer 3

inflammation

Question 4

what are physical signs of inflammation

Answer 4

heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function

Question 5

what is the difference b/t an acute and chronic response to inflammation?

Answer 5

acute is rapid onset and last only a short while (e.g. gallstone, hepatitis, gallbladder attack). chronic progresses more slowly and last longer and doesn’t go away.

Question 6

what does tissue do in response to injury?

Answer 6

releases histamine, bradykinin, chemicals, send RBC’s to site of infection etc

Question 7

what, when released, causes capillary walls to dilate causing swelling and itchiness (e.g. red blush from burn or insect bite)

Answer 7

histamine

Question 8

what substance increases blood flow, capillary permeability and incites pain in response to tissue injury?

Answer 8

bradykinin

Question 9

_____ when released cause vasodilation and increased blood flow to injury causing hyperemia? What are some examples?

Answer 9

chemicals. leukocytes (WBC’s) and neutrophils move blood to injured tissue to destroy bacteria.

Question 10

what is leukocytosis?

Answer 10

increase in # of WBC’s generally caused by infection

Question 11

____ is the digestion and ingestion of bacteria and particles.

Answer 11

phagocytosis

Question 12

What is another name for Kupper Cells

Answer 12

Phagocytes

Question 13

What are the remnant s of leukocytosis and phagocytosis – a yellowish substance associated w/ bacterial infections causing inflammation? What is it produced from?

Answer 13

Pus. produced from dead neutrophils, exudate and liquified tissue, suppurative (stinky) inflammation (purulen)

Question 14

___ is the response of tissue in attempt to maintain normal structure and function. (happens in conjunction w/ inflammation)

Answer 14

wound healing, repair and regeneration

Question 15

what restore integrity to injured tissue

Answer 15

wound healing

Question 16

what is the gap that is filled w/ blood upon clotting in wound healing?

Answer 16

initial stability

Question 17

The ____ ___ exudates formation and phagocytosis of wound contaminates and clots.

Answer 17

inflammatory phase of wound healing

Question 18

What 3 phases happen simultaneously in wound healing?

Answer 18

contraction (2-3 day post injury) reduces size of open defect as much as 70%
repair - wound replaced by scar
regeneration - tissue replaced by identical cells

Question 19

what factors influence wound healing?

Answer 19

type of wound, contaminates, excessive tissue loss, failure of wound edge to connect, infection, circulation

Question 20

wound dehiscence, incisional hernia, ulceration, keloid, and contracture are all _____ of wound healing.

Answer 20

complications

Question 21

bursting of wound due to mechanical stress (vomiting, coughing, ileus -stool obstruction) or systemic factors (poor metabolic status -associated w/ metastatic cancer)

Answer 21

wound dehiscence

Question 22

what is generally in the abd wall, intestine and/or peritoneum protruding into would of prior surgery?

Answer 22

incisional hernia

Question 23

what is an abnormal scar formation (can be caused by scratch, scrape or pimple)

Answer 23

keloid

Question 24

what is the general term for fixed resistance to muscle stretching?

Answer 24

contracture