immunopathology Flashcards
What is the study of tissue alteration resulting from immune or allergic reactions?
immunopathology
___ is any chemical substance or microorg that may be a threat to the body and can induce specific immune response by causing the body to produce antibodies.
antigen
each ____ is unique and defends the body against one specific type of antigen
antibody
____ were inherited and don’t depend on prior exposure . give 2 examples
natural protective mechanisms
cilia in lungs, tears nasal and intestinal secretions (properties kill bacteria)
___ requires a sensitizing exposure to the offending agent that act as antigens. its defense is made stronger by exposure. What are the types?
acquired immunity
vaccination - produces artificial acquired immunity
There are 2 types: natural and artificial active and passive
____ is a permanent form of active immunity in which the host forms antibodies for b/c ____ is acheived
natural active
memory
In ___ immunity host is injected w/ vaccine.eg flushot, hep B, polio
artificial active - memory achieved. can last long time sometimes forever
antibodies that are passed from mom to baby for temporary protection are ____
natural passive -short term
____ immunity involves host taking antibodies by mouth to minimize severity of infection. e.g. snake bite, anthrax
artificial passive - no memory achieved
what cells are in the immune system?
lymphocytes, T cells (thymus gland derived), and B cells (bone marrow derived – originate from stem cells
T & B work together to provide a natural killer formation, memory and immunity
what results from a loss of function of the immune system?
what are some exambples?
immunodeficiency
congenital, idiopathic, acquired (HIV)
What cells does AIDS affect?
Tcells
Where has HIV be found?
semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk, CSF
What are the stages of the HIV infection?
acute infection - s-3 weeks after exposure (symptoms resemble mono)
seroconversion - body produces antibodies to HIV resulting in + HIV test 1-10 weeks after onset of acute infection
latency - 2-8 yrs b/t infection and development of AIDS. mortality rate is 100%
opportunistic infections - microrgs that DONT normally case disease become pathogenic (eg pneumonia, CNS, GI, skin, Bcell lymphoma)
opportunistic malignancies - rare in normal pop become opportunistic in infected folk
what is aka an allergic reaction - an unusual response to an innocuous substance - that causes tissue damage? list some examples. what can happen w/ 1st exposure?
hypersensitivy reaction
hay fever, food allergies, exzema, asthma, hives
delayed reaction hypersensitivity - no symptoms but body produces antibodies in which all subsequent exposures will cause an allergic response. eg. TB, poison ivy
