Hemodynamic Disorders

Question 1

What is discharge of blood from vasc (internal or external) compartment to the exterior of the body or into non-vasc spaces in the body?

Answer 1

hemorrhage

Question 2

What can case a hemorrhage

Answer 2

trauma, rupture of aneurysm, infect, neoplasm, bruise, disease, hemorrhage into body cavities

Question 3

what is a study of forces involved in circulating blood through the body? Why is it important?

Answer 3

hemodynamics

- the metabolism of organs and cells depend on intact circulation

Question 4

what is delivery and elimnation at the cellular level controlled by?

Answer 4

exchanges b/t the intravasc space, interstitial space, cellular space and lymphatic space

Question 5

what is a formation w/i vessel lumen from coagulated blood containing platelets, fibrin, entrapped cellular elements called.
what do they adhere to?

Answer 5

thrombosis

vasc endothelium of vessel wall

Question 6

what happens to most small thrombi?

Answer 6

they are lysed and there are no consequences

Question 7

what is thrombus of the arterial system most commonly caused by?

Answer 7

atherosclerosis

Question 8

what causes deep vein thrombosis? where does it usually occur?

Answer 8

stasis, trauma, hypercoagulability, old age, sickle cell disease
deep venous system of leg 90%

Question 9

what do edema, cyanosis of LE, venous insufficiency, chronic disease resulting in ulceration have in common?

Answer 9

they are all clinical features of DVT

Question 10

what is it called when a thrombus detaches?

Answer 10

it becomes an embolus that is capable of lodging in the blood vessel and obstructing the lumen (arterial or venous)

Question 11

What is pulmonary emboli secondary to 90% of the time?

Answer 11

DVT of the leg

Question 12

What clinical features may exist for a person on the brink of pulmonary emboli?

Answer 12

asymptomatic, transient dyspnea and tachypnea, pulmonary infarction w/ chest pain, cardiovascular collapse w/ sudden death (loss of lt ventricular output)

Question 13

what is the most common source for arterial emboli?

Answer 13

heart

Question 14

what is it called when air bubbles get trapped in pulmonary circulation? What can happen? What may cause this?

Answer 14

air emboli
if sm amnt its ok
if > 100 ml can cause rt heart failure or death
caused by: neck wound, thorancentesis, puncture of great vein, hemodialysis, decompression sickness “the bends” from scuba diving

Question 15

what type of emboli releases fatty marrow into circulation causing severe trauma of fat containing tissue esp from bone fractures?

Answer 15

fat emboli

Question 16

death, pulmonary emboli, myocardial infarction, stoke are all result of ____ .

Answer 16

infarct

Question 17

excess fluid in interstitial space is called _____. it is an area of tissue in an organ or part o fit that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply.

Answer 17

edema

Question 18

___ is a profound hemodynamic and metabolic disturbance characterized by the failure of the circulatory system to maintain adequate perfusion of vital organs.

Answer 18

shock

Question 19

what type of shock is usually from a MI, myocarditis or pericardial tamponade?

Answer 19

cardiogenic shock

Question 20

what type of shock is secondary to pronounced decrease in blood volume caused by loss of fluid from the vasc compartment (when somone bleeds out)? What might cause this?

Answer 20

hypovolemic shock
external (hemorrhage, diarrhea, excessive urine formation and perspiration) or internal (burns, endotoxemia - septic shock resulting in vasc shock) fluid loss, trauma or anaphylaxis (hypersensitve reaction to antigen resulting in vasc collapse like a bee sting or contrast reaction)