Inflammation-Chronic Inflammation Flashcards
What is chronic inflammation associated with?
Persistent substance irritation
What leukocytes are dominant?
lymphocytes and macrophages
neutrophils sometimes persist
What do chemokines induce lymphocytes to express in order to begin migration? What does it bind to?
LFA-1
ICAM-1 on endothelial cells
Where does the IL-6/sIL-6R complex bind?
Macrophages and endothelial cells in order to produce MCP-1 and signal more lymphocytes and monocytes to enter the tissues
What are the characteristic features of chronic inflammation?
dense cellular infiltration and proliferation of lymphocytes and macrophages (rather than exudate)
Where does infiltration and proliferation of lymphocytes and macrophages typically occur first?
Blood vessels (cuffing)
What are granulomas?
aggregation of T cells and macrophages
What can macrophages become in granulomas?
Epitheloid cells: appear to function as secreting cells
Giant cells: huge fusion of macrophages, function unknown
What mediates the foreign body response?
Macrophages, since irritant is not antigenic
Lymphocytes will be involved through actions of pro-inflammatory cytokines
What typically mediates tissue damage in chronic infections?
Macrophages and T cell cytotoxic reactions
Can involve humoral immune responses
What mediates tissue damage in some auto-immne diseases?
Long-term production of auto-antibodies or antigen/antibody complexes via complement activation
involves neutrophils
What are the manifestations of chronic inflammation?
Leukocytosis Pyrexia Acute Phase Response Cachexia Anemia Amyloidosis
Why does leukocytosis occur in chronic inflammation?
increased production of cytokines stimulates bone marrow to produce and release lymphocytes and monocytes into blood
Is fever (pyrexia) higher or lower grade in chronic inflammation?
Lower
What mediates cachexia?
continual production of TNF-alpha causes skeletal muscle breakdown and fat resorption
