Immunology-Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

What is the aim of the adaptive immune response?

Answer 1

control or eliminate infection

Question 2

What are the major features of adaptive immunity?

Answer 2

Specificity: for individual antigens

Adaptation: only functions on contact with antigen and its quality and quantity can be modified

Memory: previous contact with antigen changes subsequent response both qualitatively and quantitatively

Question 3

What is a major way in which the immune system works?

Answer 3

Improves and optimizes the efficiency of various innate protective mechanisms

Question 4

Lymphocytes

Answer 4

produce immune response

express antigen-specific receptors, impart specificity

Question 5

B cells

Answer 5

lymphocyte

develop into antibody-secreting cells (plasma cells)

use antibody or immunoglobulin as antigen-specific receptor

Question 6

T cells

Answer 6

lymphocyte

mature in thymus

two types: CD4 expressing (helpers) or CD8 expressing (killers)

antigen-specific receptor=TCR

Question 7

Natural Killer (NK) cells

Answer 7

large granular lymphocytes

no antigen-specific receptors

recognize targets using antibodies or PRR

Question 8

MHC

Answer 8

not receptors

activate T cells by presenting antigen as digested pieces

Question 9

Clonal expansion

Answer 9

Process in which B and T cells for a specific antigen are produced in response to that antigen. Only happens with antigen-specific cells and stops when antigen absent

B cells mature into plasma cells and start to secrete antibody at high levels