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Drugs In Healthcare > Inflammation As A Drug Target > Flashcards

Inflammation As A Drug Target Flashcards

1
Q

Define inflammation

A

A local response to cellular injury that is marked by capillary dilation, leukocytes infiltration, redness, heat and pain: serves as a mechanism initiating the elimination of noxious agents and damaged tissue

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2
Q

Acute inflammation aims to:

A

Aims to contain/isolate the injury, destroy foreign matter and heal and repair damage

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3
Q

Chronic inflammation

A

Continued inflammatory response, due to persistent antigen presence or due to autoimmune disease

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4
Q

Examples of acute inflammation

A

Acute bronchitis, paronychia (infected ingrown toenail) , sports injury

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5
Q

Paronychia is

A

Infected ingrown toenail

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6
Q

Acute bronchitis is…

A

Sore throat from cold or flu

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7
Q

4 key clinical features of acute inflammation

A

Redness, heat, swelling and pain

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8
Q

What is a clinical feature of acute inflammation associated with increased vessel permeability

A

Swelling

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9
Q

What is a clinical feature of acute inflammation caused by stimulation of local nerve endings, from mech. And chem. Mediators?

A

Pain

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10
Q

What is a clinical feature of acute inflammation associated with localised increase in temperature, also due to increased blood flow?

A

Heat

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11
Q

What class of drug is ibuprofen?

A

NSAIDs

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12
Q

What class of drug is naproxen?

A

NSAIDs

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13
Q

What class of drug is aspirin and diclofenac?

A

NSAIDs

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14
Q

General advice on how to treat acute inflammation

A

Conservative: rest, ice, compress and elevate (Rice)
Pharmacological: anti-inflammatories

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15
Q

Potential side effects of NSAIDs

A

GI side effects: diarrhoea, constipation
Worsening asthma symptoms
GI bleeding (peptic ulcers)
Acute kidney injury

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16
Q

Examples of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd)

A

Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease

17
Q

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are caused by? What inflammation?

A

Chronic inflammation of the bowel/ colon

18
Q

Cause of ulcerative colitis

A

Unclear but seems to occur in generally susceptible people in response to environmental triggers

19
Q

Extra - intestinal manifestations of IBD include?

A

Peripheral arthritis
Erythema nodosum
Pyoderma gangrene
Anterior uveitis
Ankylosing spondylitis

20
Q

Diagnosing inflammatory diseases

A

Clinical diagnosis ( history and examination)
Antibody testing( disease specific)
Inflammatory markers( blood tests, stool tests)
Imaging (e.g. CT scan or MRI)
Tissue biopsy (disease / tissue specific)

21
Q

When in remission for inflammatory disorders are steroids given?

A

No

22
Q

Role of corticosteroids

A

Act to inhibit inflammation by inhibiting activation of cells and inflammatory mediators involved in the inflammatory process

23
Q

Patient has tonsillitis. What might you prescribe?

A

Anti-inflammatories : for the pain and inflammation NSAIDs
Antibiotics: to treat cause of the inflammation

24
Q

What might ulcerative colitis cause thought to be?

A

Probably an autoimmune disease initiated by inflammatory response to colonic bacteria

25
Q

Examples of inflammatory markers

A

Blood tests, stool tests
e.g. CRP, ESR, white cell count, faecal calprotecin in IBD

26
Q

Antibody testing example RA

A

Rheumatoid factor in RA. None available for IBD

27
Q

Time course in inflammatory disorders:

A

Diagnosis
Treatment (Steroids)
Remission (no steroids)
It relapse/flare ( steroids) —> back to treatment

28
Q

What class of drugs are predisolone, hydrocortisone?

A

Corticosteroids/steroids

29
Q

List some side effects of corticosteroids

A

C- Cushing’s syndrome
O-osteoporosis
R- reduced growth
T— thin skin
I- immunosuppression
O- oedema
Obesity
Diabetes

30
Q

Some short-term side effects

A

Weakness
Hyperglycaemia
Mood changes

31
Q

List some local complications of IBD

A

Anaemia
Malnutrition and absorption
Bowel obstruction

32
Q

List some systemic complications of IBD

A

Joint pain and swelling
Osteoporosis
Skin rashes

33
Q

Infliximab is?

A

Monoclonal anti-tumuor necrosis factor (TNF) - alpha antibody ( blocker/ inhibitor)

34
Q

How is infliximab given?

A

Intravenous infusion every 6-8 weeks in hospital

35
Q

TNF ALPHA IS?

A

A key pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in chronic inflammatory disease

36
Q

Infliximab disrupts?

A

The activation of pro-inflammatory cascade signalling

37
Q

Infliximal licensed to treat?

A

a lot of chronic inflammation disease: UC, Crohn’s disease, RA etc

38
Q

Infliximab side effects

A

Increased risk of infection (immunosuppressed)
Diarrhoea and gi discomfort
Fatigue

39
Q

Impacts of IBD

A

Psychologically - anxiety of flare up
Economically
Socially

Drugs In Healthcare (12 decks)

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