Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Drugs In Healthcare > Antibiotics Resistance And Stewardship > Flashcards

Antibiotics Resistance And Stewardship Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotic resistant

A

The ability of bacteria to resist the effects of an antibiotic to which they were once sensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Antimicrobial resistance

A

The ability of microbes (bacteria and other microorganisms such as viruses,fungi and parasites) to resist the effects of antimicrobial (e.g antibiotic , antiviral or anti fungal) to which they were once sensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Antibiotic stewardship

A

Practices and protocols that ensure that antibiotics are used prudently and appropriately in order to reduce resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Susceptibility to infection

A

Immune suppression
Surgery
Invasive lines
Other disruptions of defences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What factors drive the use of antibiotics between countries over time?

A

Infection rates
Quality of antibiotic prescriptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Roughly how many classes of antibiotics?

A

14 since 1935 and 1968, then 5 more introduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How might resistance develop?

A

Inherent resistance
-e.g mycoplasma (no cell wall)- resistance to beta lactams
De novo development of resistance
Transmission of resistance
Acquisition of colonisation by resistance bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Example of De novo development of resistance

A

RPOB resistance to rifampicin
HIV resistance to RTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List some antibiotic targets

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Ribosomal effects-inhibition of protein synthesis
Alteration of cell membranes
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Beta-lactams mechanism of action

A

Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis- by covalently binding to PBP (penicillin-binding proteins)
=Prevents cross linkage in cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Beta lactams are?

A

Antibiotics that contain a beta-lactam ring in their chemical structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Initial use of beta lactams

A

1940s in gram positive bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Resistant mechanism of beta -lactams

A

Change of PBP structure
Porin loss
Pumps
Does not cross membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Examples of antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis

A

Beta lactams
Glycopeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glycopeptides mechanism of action

A

Peptidoglycan cross linkage in cell wall disrupted
Disrupts peptidoglycan synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Initial use of Glycopeptides

A

Initial use in 1960s in gram positive organism- no effect on gram negative
Resistance developed

17
Q

Examples of class that inhibit protein synthesis - 30S ribosome subunit

A

Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines

18
Q

Quinolones mechanism of action

A

Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis by:
Interrupts DNA gyrase and topoisomerases required for supercoiling of DNA; bind to alpha subunit
(No uncoiling of DNA)

19
Q

Resistant mechanism of quinolones

A

Target changes

20
Q

quinolones use before:

A

Use in 70s and 80s- broad spectrum antibiotics

21
Q

Rifamycins mechanism of action

A

Used mainly in TB
Inhibits RNA polymerase B by binding so = inhibition of RNA synthesis

22
Q

Resistant mechanism of Rifamycins

A

Target changes
Decreased uptake

23
Q

Class examples that inhibit protein synthesis - 50 s ribosome subunit

A

Chloramphenicol
Macrolides + Lincomycins- both reversibly bind to 50S ribosome, MLS, block peptide elongation

24
Q

Examples of Glycopeptides

A

Vancomycin, teicoplanin

25
Q

Example of beta-lactam

A

Penicillins- amoxicillin, penicillin
BL/BLI- tazobactam

26
Q

Examples of macrolides

A

Clarithromyocin

27
Q

Examples of aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin, anikacin

28
Q

Aminoglycosides mechanism of action

A

Irreversibly attaches to 30S ribosome

29
Q

Tetracyclines mechanism of action

A

Blocks RNA binding to 30S ribosome

30
Q

Examples of class that alters cell membranes + mechanism of action

A

Polymyxins - disrupts both the outer and inner membranes by binding to lipopolysaccharide

31
Q

Examples of class that inhibit. Nucleic acid synthesis

A

DNA effects: quinolones + nitrimidazoles
RNA effects : rifamycins

Drugs In Healthcare (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions