Inflammation and Repair

Question 1

Histamine

Sources (3) and Actions (3)

Answer 1

Mast cells, Basophils and Platelets

Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, endothelial activation

Question 2

Serotonin

Sources (2) and Action

Answer 2

Platelets and neuroendocrine cells

Vasoconstriction

Question 3

Prostaglandins

Types (2), Sources and Action

Answer 3

Prostacyclin, PGE2, PGD2
From mast cells and leukocytes
Vasodilation

Thromboxane A2
From platelets
Vasoconstriction

Question 4

Prostaglandin Inhibition

Answer 4

Cox1/Cox2 inhibitors and aspirin block cyclooxygenase which is a prostaglandin precursor

Question 5

LTB4 Leukotriene

Sources (2) and Actions (4)

Answer 5

Mast cells and leukocytes

Neutrophil chemotaxis, ROS generation, Lysosomal enzyme release and endothelial adhesion

Question 6

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4

Sources (2) and Actions (3)

Answer 6

Mast cells and Leukocytes

Vasoconstriction, bronchospasm and increased venule permeability

Question 7

Leukotriene Inhibition

Answer 7

Zileuton inhibits lipoxygenase which is a leukotriene precursor

Question 8

Corticosteroid Inhibitory Actions

Answer 8

Inhibit phospholipases which decreases arachidonic acid formation
Decreases Leukotriene and Prostaglandin production

Question 9

TNF

Sources (3) and Actions (3)

Answer 9

Macrophages, mast cells, T cells

Increases P and E selectins
Activates neutrophils and macrophages
Induces systemic acute phase responses

Question 10

IL-1

Sources (2) and Actions (3)

Answer 10

Macrophages and endothelial cells

Increases P and E selectins
Activates fibroblasts and Th17 cells
Induces systemic acute phase responses

Question 11

IL-6

Source and Action

Answer 11

Macrophages

Induces systemic acute phase response

Question 12

IL-17

Source and Actions (2)

Answer 12

T cells

Recruits neutrophils and monocytes for acute and chronic inflammation

Question 13

IL-12

Sources (2) and Action

Answer 13

Dendritic Cells and Macrophages

Increases IFN-gamma

Question 14

IFN-gamma

Sources (2) and Action

Answer 14

T cells and NK cells

Activates macrophages

Question 15

Macrophage Names By Location (7)

Tissue, Blood, Liver, Spleen, CNS, Lung, Skin

Answer 15

Macrophage in tissue
Monocyte in blood
Kupffer cell in liver
Sinus Histiocyte in spleen
Microglia in CNS
Alveolar in lung
Langerhans cell in skin

Question 16

M1 Macrophage

Activation, Function, Things Released (7), Outcomes (3)

Answer 16

Microbes and IFN-gamma

Phagocytose microbes and dead cells

Release IL-1, IL-12, IL-23, chemokines, ROS, NO and Lysosomal enzymes

Cause microbicidal actions, inflammation and phagocytosis

Question 17

M2 Macrophage

Activation, Function, Things Released (3), Outcomes (3)

Answer 17

IL-13 and IL-4

Tissue repair and anti-inflammation

Release GFs, TGF-beta and IL-10

Tissue repair, fibrosis and anti-inflammation

Question 18

T Lymphocytes and Chronic Inflammation

Th1, Th2 and Th17

Answer 18

Th1: release IFN-gamma to recruit M1

Th2: release IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 to recruit eosinophils and M2

Th17: release IL-17 to recruit neutrophils and monocytes

Question 19

Eosinophils and Chronic Inflammation

Use and Actions

Answer 19

Used in IgE mediated reactions and parasite defense

Release major basic protein that kills parasites and causes tissue damage

Question 20

Mast Cells and Chronic Inflammation

Activation and Released Products

Answer 20

Have Fc receptor for IgE

Release histamine, prostaglandins and many cytokines

Question 21

Neutrophils and Chronic Inflammation

Associated State

Answer 21

Present in persistent bacterial infections described as acute on chronic state