Clinical Exam 2

Question 1

Lead Poisoning

Morphologic (3) and Clinical Features (adult and child)

Answer 1

Hypochromic microcytic anemia, Basophil Stippling and Ring Sideroblasts

Children show sensory, motor and cognitive impairment
Adults show peripheral neuropathy

Question 2

Mercury Poisoning

Morphologic (2) and Clinical (4) Features

Answer 2

CNS and Kidney damage

CP, deafness, retardation and CNS birth defects (Minamata disease)

Question 3

Arsenic Poisoning
Clinical Features (4)

Answer 3

GI and Cardio toxicity, neuropathy, hyperpigmentation

Question 4

Cadmium Poisoning
Clinical Features (4)

Answer 4

Renal failure, waddling gait, SOB and increased risk of lung cancer

Question 5

Total Body Irradiation

1-2 Sv dose, Timeline and Effect

Answer 5

1 day-1 week

Lymphopenia

Question 6

Total Body Irradiation

2-10 Sv dose, Timeline and Effects (2)

Answer 6

2-6 weeks

Leukopenia and Hemorrhage

Question 7

Total Body Irradiation

10-20 Sv dose, Timeline and Effects (3)

Answer 7

5-10 days

Death
Diarrhea, Fever, Electrolyte Imbalance

Question 8

Total Body Irradiation

50+ Sv dose, Timeline and Effects (3)

Answer 8

1-4 hours

Death
Ataxia, Convulsions, Coma

Question 9

Marasmus
Clinical Presentation (3)

Answer 9

Weight less than 60th percentile
Emaciated extremities
Normal serum albumin

Question 10

Kwashiorkor
Clinical Presentation (4)

Answer 10

Hypoalbuminemia
Edema
Fatty Liver
Chronic Diarrhea

Question 11

Vitamin A Deficiency Presentation (3)

Answer 11

Xeropthalmia
Night Blindness
Bitot Spots

Question 12

Vitamin D Deficiency Presentation (3)

Answer 12

Rickets (kids)
Osteomalacia (adults)
Tetany

Question 13

Vitamin K Deficiency Presentation (2)

Answer 13

Bruising

Hemorrhage

Question 14

Thiamine (B1) Deficiency Complications (2)

Answer 14

Beriberi

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Question 15

Niacin (B3) Deficiency Complications (3)

Answer 15

Pellagra
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia

Question 16

Pyridoxine (B6) Deficiency Presentation (3)

Answer 16

Cheilosis
Glossitis
Peripheral Neuropathy

Question 17

Vitamin C Deficiency Complication

Answer 17

Scurvy

Question 18

Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Morphology (2), Clinical Presentation (3)

Answer 18

Eosinophilic hyaline membrane
Alternating atalectic/enlarged alveoli

Ground glass X-ray
Rentrolental Fibroplasia (blind)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (SOB)

Question 19

Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Pathology (2), Morphology (7) and Clinical Presentation (3)

Answer 19

Multifactorial: Postnatal infection, Increased PAF

Distended, Friable, Congested and Gangrenous Ileum, Cecum and Colon

Distended abdomen
Pneumatosis intestinalis
Bloody stool

Question 20

Immune Fetal Hydrops

Pathology and Presentation (2)

Answer 20

Caused by hemolytic disease of the newborn

Anemia and Jaundice

Question 21

Non-Immune Fetal Hydrops

Morphology (3) and Presentation (5)

Answer 21

Anemia, Erythroblastosis Fetalis, Kernicterus

Pallor
Hepatosplenomegaly 
Jaundice 
Edema
Neuro damage

Question 22

Galactosemia

Enzyme Deficiency and Presentation (4)

Answer 22

Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyl Transferase

Hepatomegaly, FTT, Cataracts, Jaundice

Question 23

Phenylketonuria

Enzyme Deficiency and Presentation

Answer 23

Phenylalanine Hydroxylase

Seizures, Musty Odor, Hypopigmentation, Eczema

Question 24

WAGR Syndrome

Mutation and Presentation (4)

Answer 24

11p13 deletion causing WT1/PAX6 loss

Wilms Tumor
Aniridia
Genital Anomaly
Retardation

Question 25

Denys-Drash Syndrome | Mutation and Presentation (3)

Answer 25

Autosomal dominant missense mutation in WT1 Gonad Dysgenesis Gonadoblastoma Nephropathy

Question 26

Beckwith-Wiedemann | Mutation and Presentation (3)

Answer 26

Genomic Imprinting of 11p15.5 (WT2) Organomegaly Microglossia Hemihypertrophy