Inflammation Flashcards
Pillars of Inflammation
Heat Redness Swelling Pain Loss of Function
Anaphylatoxins
Small, dissolved components that have chemotactic and cell activation properties
Plasma Enzyme Systems: Substitutional Opportunities
C3- Thrombin Prothrombin- MASP Properdin- Plasminogen Plasmin- C1 complex activation XIIa- HMWK*
*High Molecular Weight Kininogen
Inflamm and mast cells
The mast cells are attracted to the damaged tissue- release Histamine which can diffuse into the capillaries
Extravasation of Leucocytes: Normal
Normal blood flow, leucocytes in axial flow
Extravasation of Leucocytes: Margination
Slowing of the flow of blood, leucocytes no longer in axial flow
Extravasation of Leucocytes: Rolling
TNF stim endothelial cells to express E-Selectins
Hist and PAF stim the expression of P-Selectins
Extravasation of Leucocytes: Adhesion
TNF mediates expression of ICAM and VCAM
Leucocytes tightly adhere to the endothelium
Extravasation of Leucocytes: Emigration
Mediated by other adhesion molecules and a chemotactic gradient
Emigration of Ne
Formation of the Cellular exudate
- The normally inactive endothelium has to be activated to allow for the adhesion of neutrophils
- Normally inactive Ne have to be activated- adhesion, emigration, phagocytosis, bacterial killing, generation of inflamm mediators
- Acc of Ne in the EC space– EDEMA! v characteristic
- Need to maintan supply of Ne, growth factors stim division of myeloid precursors in BM
Important Ne chemotactic factors
C5a, C3a
Fibrin, Fibrinopeptides
Bacterial components
IL-8
Important eosinophil chemotactic factors
Histamine
IL-5
Important monocyte chemotactic factors
MCP-1 through MCP-5
C3a, C5a
Fibrinopeptides
PDGF
MCP= monocyte chemoattractant protein PDGF= platelet derived growth factor
What is chemotaxis
Movement of leucocytes from lumen of blood vessels into a damaged area
Adhesion of microorganisms: the cell receptors
the example given is Francisella
Fc gamma R CR3 SRA MR SE-N (EF-Tu)
Fc gamma receptor
Delayed FCP acidification and escape (2-4hrs)
ROS production
Proinflamm cytokine production
Some cytosolic production
CR3 and SRA
Delayed FCP acidification and escape (2-4hrs)
Some cytosolic replication
MR and SE-N
Rapid acidification of the FCP (15-30mins)
Rapid FCP escape
Good cytosolic replication
Give examples of microbes with carb containing mannose
Candida albicans
Strep
Salmonella
The Acute phase reaction
IL-6 stimulates the LIVER to produce C-reactive protein (CRP) Serum amyloid protein (SAP) Fibrinogen Mannose binding lectin/protein (MBL,MBP) Complement factors
CK and inflammation
CKs are released from cells of innate immune system when pathogen enters the body
Development of inflamm, APC, activation and differentiation of Atg specific lymphocytes
Produce interferons, inflamm chemokines, and an array of inflamm cytokines
Some examples of cells that can produce CK
Monocytes Mononuclear phagocytes Gamma delta T-cell Mast cells Fibroblasts Endothelial cells
What are the cytokines that CK can produce
IL-1,6,8,10,12
TNF alpha and beta
