Inflammation Flashcards
Define inflammation
Local response to injury involving neutrophil polymorphs and macrophages
What are the cells involved in inflammation?
Neutrophil polymorphs Macrophages Lymphocytes Endothelial cells Fibroblasts
What are the main outcomes of inflammation? (4)
Resolution
Suppuration - pus formation eg abscess
Organisation - granulation tissue to fibrous (collagenous) scar
Chronic inflammation
Define acute inflammation
Initial often transient series of tissue reactions to injury
What are the main cells involved in acute inflammation? (2)
Neutrophil polymorphs
Monocytes
Give examples of acute inflammation
Acute appendicitis
Burns
Define chronic inflammation
Prolonged tissue reactions following the initial response
What cells are involved in chronic inflammation? (3)
Lymphocytes
Macrophages
Plasma cells
Give examples of chronic inflammation
TB
Ulcer
Abscess
Fibrosis
What are the causes of acute inflammation? (5)
- Microbial infections
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Physical agents
- Chemicals
- Tissue necrosis
What are the causes of chronic inflammation? (4)
- Resistance of infective agent to phagocytosis
- Endogenous materials
- Autoimmune conditions
- Primary granulomatous diseases
What are the main APCs?
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
What cells produce collagen?
Fibroblasts
What are the histological features of a granuloma?
- Aggregate of epithelioid histiocytes (macrophage w/ larger & longer nuclei)
- Langhans giant cells (multinucleated)
- Cuff of lymphocytes
- Necrosis (no nuclei present)
