Inflammation Flashcards
What is inflammation?
Non-specific response to cellular injury.
Signs on inflammation…
Swelling, redness, heat, pain and loss of function.
Where does the process occur?
Any viable vascularised tissue.
What are the two types of inflammation?
Acute and Chronic
What are the main states of acute inflammatory?
- Cellular injury
- Change in local blood flow
- Structural changes in microvasculature
- Recruitment of immune cells and proteins.
HISTAMINE
Where is it produced?
What is its action?
- Mast cells, basophils, platelets.
- Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability and endothelial activation.
PROSTAGLANDINS
Where is it produced?
What is its action?
- Mast cells, leukocytes.
- Vasodilation, pain, fever.
CYTOKINES
Where is it produced?
What is its action?
- Macrophages, endothelial cells, mast cells
- Endothelial activation, fever, malaise, pain, anorexia.
CHEMOKINES
Where is it produced?
What is its action?
- Leukocytes, activated macrophages
- Chemotaxis, leukocyte activation
COMPLEMENT
Where is it produced?
What is its action?
- Plasma
- Chemotaxis, leukocyte activation, vasodilation.
What is exudate?
Fluid, proteins and cells that have seeped out of blood vessels.
What are the stages for neutrophil extravasation?
- Endothelial upregulation of selectins
- Rolling adhesion
- Strong adhesion
- Transmigration (Squeezing pseudopodia through the gaps)
Why does acute inflammation become chronic?
Persistent inflammatory stimuli (Prolonged infection, persistent toxic stimuli, unclearable particulates, autoimmunity)
What effect does the accumulation of macrophages, T cells and plasma cells have in chronic inflammation?
Bystander tissue destruction and concurrent repair processes.
What is granulomatus inflammation?
Chronic inflammation with a pattern of granuloma formation (aggregation of activated macrophages that form a barrier designed for clearance)
Triggered by strong T cell response.
