Cancer Flashcards
What is a tumour?
A mass forming lesion. Can be neoplastic, hamartamatous or inflammatory.
What is a neoplasm?
The autonomous growth of tissue which have escaped normal constraints on cell proliferation.
What are the differences between benign and malignant tumours?
- Invasion
- Metastasis
- Differentiation
- Growth pattern
Physical features of a benign tumour
- Can move around
- Sharply demarcated
What is a hamartoma?
Localised benign overgrowths of one or more mature cell types.
Architectural but not cytological abnormalities.
What are heterotopias?
Normal tissue found in parts of the body where they are not normally present.
Primary description of neoplasm:
Based on cell origin
Secondary description of neoplasm:
Benign or malignant
BENIGN EPITHELIAL NEOPLASMS
- In squamous epithelium…
- In glandular tissue…
- Transitional…
- Squamous epithelioma/papilloma
- Adenoma
- Transitional papilloma
BENIGN CONNECTIVE TISSUE NEOPLASMS
- In smooth muscle…
- In bone…
- Leiomyoma
- Osteoma
MALIGNANT EPITHELIAL NEOPLASMS
- In squamous epithelium…
- In glandular tissue…
- Transitional…
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Adenocarcinoma
- Transitional cell carcinoma
MALIGNANT CONNECTIVE TISSUE NEOPLASMS
- In smooth muscle…
- In bone…
- Leiomyosarcoma
- Osteosarcoma
MALIGNANT HAEMATOLOGICAL NEOPLASM
- In lymphocytes…
- In bone marrow…
- Lymphoma
- Leukaemia
What is a teratoma?
Tumours derived from germ cells, that can contain tissue derived from all three germ cell layers. May contain mature tissues.
Routes of tumour spread
- Perineural
- Haematogenous
- Lymphatic
- Transcoelomic (via seeding of body cavities)
- Direct extension (Associated with a stomal response)
