inflammation Flashcards
what is involved in the different types of wound repair
wound repair
resolution - regeneration parenchymal cells
scarring - angiogenesis, migration and repair fibroblasts, scar, connective tissue remodelling
features of acute inflammation
Days/hours localised repaired and regenerated Leukocyte and vascular response Rapid non-specific Rubor Calor Tumor Dolor Alteration in BV - increase flow microvasculature change - permeable - proteins and leukocytes activation leukocytes at injury - dolor
describe and explain vasodilation in acute inflammation
histamine and nitric oxide - smooth muscle
earliest signs
heat and redness
slow blood down - stasis
explain increased permeability in acute inflammation
endothelial cell contract - larger spaces
endothelial injury
leukocyte mediated vascular injury
VEGF
exudate - dilute, wall off, spread inflammatory mediators, substrate for inflammatory cell migration
explain the action of leukocytes in acute inflammation
phagocytes - neutrophil and macrophage
produce mediators
overactivation harmful
neutrophil - bone marrow - 1st to arrive - phagocytosis and degranulation
extravasation - roll, activate endothelium, integin high affinity, diapedesis, chemotaxis
receptors - recognise: toll like, G coupled protein receptor, opsonin, cytokine
phagocytosis - attachment, engulfment, degradation
How is acute inflammation terminated
mediators and neutrophils - short half life
macrophage, mast cells, lymphocytes - anti-inf
cause removed
histology of acute inflammation
neutrophils and mast cells, eosinophils
Vascular congestion and stasis - leukocyte infiltrate
features of chronic inflammation
long lived low grade smouldering inflammation mononuclear infiltrate Tissue destruction replacement with connective tissue macrophage - cytokine, wound repair, anti-inf, persist - damage tissue - more inf
cell types in chronic inflammation
T-lymph, plasma, eosinophils, mast cells, macrophages
angiogenesis VEGF
histology of chronic
macrophage
plasma - clock face
granulation - loose, new BV, fibroblasts
what is granulomatous inflammation
granuloma - aggregate macrophages
causes: infection, foreign, tumour, granulomatous disease
histology of granulomatous inflammation
footprint macrophage
group macrophage
sequelae of inflammation
remove agent, end inf, resolution
scarring - adjacent work harder, systemic involvement
