Inflammation

Question 1

What is the primary cell type involved in acute inflammation?

Answer 1

Neutrophils

Question 2

What is the primary cell type involved in chronic inflammation?

Answer 2

B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Macrophages

Question 3

What is acute inflammation?

Answer 3

The initial tissue reaction to injury or infection.

Question 4

List 4 features of acute inflammation:

Answer 4

Sudden onset
short duration
neutrophils are the main cell involved
usually resolves

Question 5

List causes of acute inflammation:

Answer 5

• Microbial infection (viruses and bacteria)
• Physical trauma
• Bacterial toxins (caused by the breakdown of bacteria or are by-products of bacteria)
• Tissue necrosis
• Hypersensitivity reaction

Question 6

Describe the macroscopic appearance of acute inflammation:

Answer 6

Red (rubor) - vasodilation
Heat (calor) - vasodilation
Swelling (tumor) - vasodilation - excess exudate
Pain (dolor) - chemical mediators (bradykinins) and physical distortion of tissue

Question 7

Define resolution

Answer 7

The tissue returns to pre-injury state

Question 8

Define repair

Answer 8

The tissue no longer inflamed but has been permanently altered.

Question 9

Define supparation

Answer 9

The formation of pus

Question 10

Contrast granulation tissue with granuloma

Answer 10

granulation tissue - building blocks for tissue repair

granuloma - epitheliod macrophages surround foreign substance

Question 11

Define Chronic inflammation

Answer 11

A prolonged inflammatory response

Question 12

List causes of chronic inflammation

Answer 12

Endogenous (e.g. uric acid crystals - gout)
Exogenous (transplants/artificial hip)
Autoimmune disease (arthritis)
Granulatomus diseases (TB, chrones etc)