Disorders of development and growth

Question 1

Define congenital disease:

Answer 1

Adisease for whatever reason, that is present at birth

Question 2

Define genetic disease

Answer 2

A disease based on an inherited or spontaneous genetic abnormality.

Question 3

List 3 inherited diseases:

Answer 3

1. CF (autosomal recessive)
2. Huntingtons (Autosomal dominant)
3. Colour blindness (x linked therefore men at greater risk)

Question 4

List 3 spontaneous mutation diseases:

Answer 4

1. Downs Syndrome - Tri21
2. Edwards syndrome - Tri 18
3. Pataus syndrome - tri 13

Question 5

Define acquired disease

Answer 5

A disease caused solely by environmental factors. e.g. bone break

Question 6

Define multifactorial disease

Answer 6

A disease caused by both genetic predisposition and environment. e.g. neural tube defects

Question 7

Define hypertrophy

Answer 7

increase in the size of cells

Question 8

Define hyperplasia

Answer 8

increase in the number of cells

Question 9

define atrophy

Answer 9

the decrease in size/number of cells. Tissues waste away.

Question 10

define metaplasia

Answer 10

When a fully differentiated cell type changes into another fully differentiated cell type. e.g. smokers lose cilia on epithelium.

Question 11

Define dysplasia

Answer 11

Cells that are abnormally developing but not yet cancerous.