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Pathobiology > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Excudate

A

High protein and fluid

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2
Q

Transudate

A

Low protein

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3
Q

Name the two types of immunity

A

Innate - Born with

Adaptive - infection / vaccination induced

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4
Q

Interleukin responsible for fever

A

Il-1

Il-6

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5
Q

What interleukin stimulates release of chemokines

A

IL-1

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6
Q

What type of inflammation shows a high density of neutrophils?

A

Acute inflammation

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7
Q

Whats the half life of neutrophils?

A

6-8 hours

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8
Q

If a monocyte is induced with IL-4

What happens?

A

Tissue repair

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9
Q

If a monocyte is induced by IL-10

A

Induces it to clean up after infection

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10
Q

If a monocyte is induced by IFN-G

A

Vigorous killing like neutrophils

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11
Q

What releases serotonin?

What does it cause?

A

Platelets

Vasodilation / Increase permeability

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12
Q

What releases prostaglandins?

What does these cause?

A

MC / Leukocytes

Vasodilation / Pain / Fever

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13
Q

Leukotrines increase what?

A

Leukocyte adhesion and chemotaxis

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14
Q

What type of response is chronic inflammation?

A

Primary and prolonged response

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15
Q

Name the 5 cell types found in CI

A

Monocytes

Macrophages

Lymphocytes

Plasma cells

Fibroblasts

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16
Q

The 5 characteristics found with acute inflammation are?

A

RCDTL

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17
Q

Name the 3 major components of acute inflammation

A

Vasodilation

Increased vascular permeability

Cellular recruitment

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18
Q

How is increased vascular permeability achieved?

A

Retraction of endothelial cells

From NO/Histamine

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19
Q

Haemorrhagic exudate

A

Large component of RBC due to ruptured blood vessels

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20
Q

What does fibrinous exudate contain a lot of?

A

Fibrinogen

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21
Q

Purulent exudate contains what?

A

Pus

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22
Q

During Chronic Inflammation, What occurs simultaneously?

A

Tissue Destruction + Repair

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23
Q

What is the 3 Characteristics of CI?

A

Infiltration of Mononuclear Cells

Proliferation of fibroblasts

Tissue Destruction

24
Q

Name a persistant Chronic Inflammation microorgansims

A

Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

25
Q

Prolonged Exposure to a toxic agent which leads to CI could be what?

A

Pulmonary Silicosis

26
Q

Endogenous Material causing CI could be (3)

A

Necrotic adipose tissue

Bone

Uric Acid

27
Q

Exogenous Materials causing CI could be (2)

A

Silica

Suture Materials

28
Q

Name an interleukin which activates macrophages

A

IFN-G

29
Q

Name the interleukin that is released by Activated Macrophages

A

IL-1

TNF-a

30
Q

Name the 4 effects which occur from Activated Macrophages

A

Acute phase

Endothelial

Fibroblast

Leukocyte

31
Q

Non specific CI is caused by what?

A

Persistent Chemotaxis

32
Q

Name an example of a Nonspecific CI

A

Ulcerative Colitis

33
Q

What is there an accumulation of in Non specific CI?

A

Accumulation of macrophages / leukocytes

34
Q

Granulomatous CI is a protective response to what? GIve an example of a drug and a microorganism

A

Foreign Material (sutures)

Allopurinol

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

35
Q

What occurs in the local manifestation of inflammation

A

Vasodilation / Increased Permeability

36
Q

What occurs in the systemic manifestation of inflammation?

A

Fever (IL-1)

Lymph node enlargement

37
Q

Name a non infectious cause of CI

A

Obesity

38
Q

Name a metabolic Change which can occur from Chronic Inflammation

A

Impaired insulin signalling

Type 2 diabetes

39
Q

Where can malignant tumours develop?

A

At the site of Chronic Injury

40
Q

Name 4 things which are similar between CI / Cancer

A

Cell proliferation

Angiogenesis

Change in E-Cadherins

Keratinocytes hyper proliferate

41
Q

If there are fewer chemokines present, what happens to tumour growth?

A

Restricted tumour growth

42
Q

CI of the lung leads to the destruction of what?

A

Destruction of the parenchyma

43
Q

During Acute Inflammation, what fills the alveolar spaces?

A

Neutrophils

44
Q

Silicosis Asthma is caused by what?

A

Inhaled Silica Crystalline dust

45
Q

Name 4 factors which increase inflammation

A

Trans FA

High GI

Excessive Alcohol

Smoking

46
Q

Name 4 factors which decrease inflammation

A

Omega 3

Low GI

Dietary Fibres

Arginine rich foods

47
Q

What are the 4 outcomes of Acute Inflammation

A

Resolution

Repair by fibrosis

Abscess formation

CI

48
Q

What causes abscess formation in acute inflammation

A

Progenitor bacteria

Staph. Aureus

49
Q

Name 3 stimuli for acute inflammation

A

Trauma (blunt)

Foreign bodies (splinter)

Thermal injury

50
Q

Name an acute phase reaction

A

Fever

Decreased sleep

51
Q

Name Endothelial effects

A

Increased leukocyte adherence

52
Q

Fibroblast effect

A

Increase in protease

53
Q

Leukocyte effect

A

Il-1 /6 secretion

54
Q

What growth factors released from activated macrophages

(IFN-G) which increases collagen synthesis

A

PDGF / FGF

=proliferation of fibroblasts

55
Q

What activity is decreased which decreases collagen degradation

A

Activated macrophages decrease METALLOPROTEINASE

Therefore decreased collagen degradation

Pathobiology (13 decks)

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