Inflammation Flashcards
What are the signs and symptoms of acute gastritis?
Abdominal pain, vomiting, haematemesis and may be erosive with large areas of surface loss
What is autoimmune gastritis usually associated with?
Macrocytic anaemia
What are the 3 effects of atrophic gastritis?
Loss of glands, loss of H+ and intrinsic factor, and intestinal metaplasia (from secretory to absorptive cells)
Differentiate between ulcers and erosion
Ulcers are a breach in the mucosa of alimentary tract, which could extend through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa or deeper.
Erosion is damage to the muscularis mucosa
What is the change in cell type in intestinal metaplasia?
From secretory to absorptive. Becomes more colonic.
What are the 4 complications that can result from ulceration?
Haemorrhage, Perforation, stenosis and penetration to adjacent organs (abscess formation)
What are the differences between gastric peptic ulcers and duodenal peptic ulcers?
Gastric ulcers: Undermined mucosal defenses, Risk increases with age, Low/normal gastric acid output, H. Pylori pangastritis
Duodenal peptic ulcers: Increased acid attack with weakened defenses, More common and occurs in younger population, normal to high acid, Antral H. Pylori and may be in areas of gastric metaplasia
What are the 3 morphological features of chronic reflux oesophagitis?
Basal cell Hyperplasia
Elongation of papillae
Lymphocytes in the epithelium
Which part of the alimentary tract is most affected in Crohn’s Disease?
Small intestines - Terminal ileum
[But Crohn’s Disease affects the entire GI tract.]
What are the clinical presentations of Crohn’s Disease?
Abdominal pain, Fever, Diarrhoea
May have colonic involvement: Bleeding +/- anaemia
What are the 2 infective causes of chronic oesophagitis?
Candida and Herpes
What are the complications of ulcerative colitis?
Toxic Megacolon
Clinical feature of ulcerative colitis
Bloody diarrhoea
Describe the difference in distribution of damage between Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
In Crohn’s disease, the damage is patchy and transmural. Strictures are common. Fissuring ulcers, marked fibrosis, presence of fistula and granulomas, Malignant potential is not high, and Toxic Megacolon is uncommon.
In Ulcerative Colitis, the damage is uniform, pancolitis. May have backwash ilietis. No strictures, pseudopolyps, mild fibrosis, no fistula nor granulomas, malignant potential is high. Toxic Megacolon is common.
How many peptic ulcers are usually formed?
One. Peptic ulcers are usually solitary.
