Hernia Flashcards
What are the different types of abdominal hernia?
Which is the most common?
- Inguinal hernia (MOST COMMON)
- Femoral hernia
- Umbilical hernia
- Incisional hernia (after an abdominal surgery)
- Hiatal hernia
What are the risk factors of herniation?
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Poor nutrition
- Lifting heavy objects
- Constipation or diarrhoea
- Persistent sneezing or coughing
What are the possible complications of herniation?
The protruding organ may become strangulated, resulting in tissue necrosis and infection.
What are the 2 types of surgical treatment for abdominal herniation?
Herniorrhaphy - repair of the hernial defect
Herniotomy - ligation and excision of the sac
What type of hernia involves the inner groin, and which type involves the outer groin?
Inner groin - Inguinal hernia
Outer groin - Femoral hernia
What are the 3 types of hiatus hernia? Describe.
- Sliding hiatus hernia: when the gastro-oesophageal junction slides up into the chest.
- Rolling hiatus hernia: when a bulge of the stomach herniates into the chest cavity, but the gastro-oesophageal junction remains in the abdomen.
- Mixed hiatus hernia
Which is more common - sliding hiatus hernia or rolling hiatus hernia?
Sliding
What are the signs and symptoms of sliding vs rolling hiatus hernia?
Sliding hiatus hernia: the lower oesophageal sphincter is less competent, as it is no longer in line with the diaphragm. Hence, acid reflux is common.
Rolling hiatus hernia: the gastro-oesophageal junction remains between the diaphragm. Hence, gross acid reflux is uncommon.
Who are the typical patients presenting with hiatus herniation?
Older (>50yo), obese women
What is the best diagnostic test for hiatus herniation?
Barium swallow
What is the management of hiatus hernia?
Lose weight. treat reflux symptoms
