Inflammation Flashcards
(95 cards)
Non-specific immune response that occurs in response to any type of bodily injury.
Inflammation
3 Roles of Inflammation. How does it accomplish this?
- Eliminates the initial cause of cell injury
- Removes damaged tissue
- Generates new tissue
Diluting, destroying, neutralizing the harmful agent. Followed by events to heal tissue
Causes of Inflammation (6)
- Immune Response to Pathogenic Microorganism
- Trauma (sprains/strains)
- Surgery
- Caustics (burning, corrosives), Chemical (poisons)
- Temperature Extremes (burning)
- Ischemic Tissue Damage
Cardinal Signs of Inflammation
- Swelling
- Heat
- Altered Function
- Redness
- Pain
Rubor
Redness
Calor
Heat
Tumor
Swelling
Dolor
Pain
Types of Inflammation
- Acute
2. Chronic
Mechanisms of Acute Inflammation
- Recognition of Occurred Injury
- Inflammatory Response
- Elimination of the Cause
- Inhibition of the Inflammatory Response
After recognition of the occurred injury, the Acute Inflammatory response has three stages:
- Vascular
- Cellular
- Mediators
Vascular change after recognition of occurred injury (Acute Inflammation)
Immediate Vascular Changes:
- Vasodilation
- Increase Capillary Permeability
Cellular change after recognition of occurred injury (Acute Inflammation)
-Influx of Inflammatory Cells (WBCs)
neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages
The study of the forces involved in circulating the blood around the body
Hemodynamic
Hemodynamic changes begin… (Acute Inflammation)
with inflammation almost immediately post injury
Sequence of the Vascular Stage of Acute Inflammation. (SHARP)
- Momentary constriction of small BVs in area
- Rapid vasodilation of arterioles and venules that supply area
- Increase capillary blood flow Heat, Redness
- Vascular permeability
- Outpour of protein-rich fluid into extracellular space Swelling, Pain, Altered Function
What happens when the fluid moves out of the vessels? Why is this important? (Acute Inflammation)
-Stagnant Flow
-Clotting of blood occurs
Aids in localizing the spread of infectious microorganism
Immediate Transient Response Occurs
(Vascular Change)
With Minor Injury
Immediate Sustained Response Occurs
(Vascular Change)
- With more serious injury
- Continues for several days
- Damages vessels in the area
Delayed Hemodynamic Response Occurs
- 4-24hrs after injury
- Increase in capillary permeability (sunburn)
What is the cellular stage of acute inflammation marked by?
Movement of phagocytic WBCs into the area of injury
2 Types of Leukocytes in Acute Inflammation
- Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
2. Monocytes (largest o/WBCs)
Sequenced events of Cellular Response in Acute Inflammation
- Margination/Adhesion of WBCs to endothelial lining of capillaries
- Emigration of WBCs into interstitial space
- Chemotaxis–WBCs to site of damage
- Adherence–Phagocytes to pathogen
- Phagocytosis–WBCs engulf and degrade bacteris
3 Stages of Phagocytosis
- Recognition and adherence
- Engulfment
- Intracellular Killing