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Pathology > Concepts of Health and Disease > Flashcards

Concepts of Health and Disease Flashcards

1
Q

This organization directs and coordinates authority for health within the UN system. When was it set up?

A

World Health Organization 1948

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2
Q

Who’s goal was to have all citizens of the world reach a level of health by the 2000s that allows them to live a socially and economically productive life.

A

World Heath Association

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3
Q

Who is the decision making body of the WHO, when was it set up?

A

World Health Association 1977

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4
Q

Who described the determinants of health as an interaction between an individual’s biology and behaviour, physical and social environment, government policies and interventions and access to quality care?

A

Healthy People 2010

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5
Q

The main Government of Canada agency responsible for public heath in Canada.

A

Public Health

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6
Q

Define Disease.

A

An interruption or disorder of a body system or organ structure characterized by a recognized etiologic agent, identifiable group of signs and symptoms, or consistent anatomic alterations.

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7
Q

Define Pathophysiology

A

Study of disease process affecting the physiological functions of the body.

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8
Q

A disease or abnormal condition involving changes at a organ or system level.

A

Gross Changes

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9
Q

A disease or abnormal condition involving changes at a cellular level.

A

Microscopic Changes

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10
Q

Excision of very small amounts of living tissue to examine

A

Biopsy

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11
Q

Examination after death

A

Autopsy

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12
Q

Causative factors in a particular disease

A

Etiology

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13
Q

4 Recognized etiological agents

A
  1. Biological Agents: bacteria, virus
  2. Physical Trauma: burn, radiation
  3. Chemical Agents: poison, alcohol
  4. Nutritional Excesses or Deficits
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14
Q

Etiological factors causing disease at birth

A

Congenital

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15
Q

Etiological factors causing disease later in life

A

Acquired

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16
Q

When cause of disease in unknown

A

Idiopathic

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17
Q

When treatment, a procedure, or an error causes disease

A

Iatrogenic

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18
Q

Indication of risk of a disease

A

Risk Factor (age, gender, inherited, exposure, diet)

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19
Q

Risk factor A.k.a

A

Predisposing Factor

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20
Q

A condition that triggers an acute episode (seizure)

A

Precipitating Factor

21
Q

3 Preventative Measures

A
  1. Primary
    Remove risk factors (avoid consuming high cholesterol, saturated fats, vaccinations, safety equipment)
  2. Secondary
    Early detection of disease that stops progression (pap test, mammogram, colonoscopy)
  3. Tertiary
    Clinical intervention to prevent further deterioration or reduce complications (drugs, physio, massage, splints)
22
Q

A sequence of cellular and tissue events that take place from initial contact with an etiological agent until the ultimate expression of the disease

A

Pathogenesis

23
Q

Onset of disease can be acute or insidious. Describe each

A

Acute: sudden obvious
Insidious: Gradual progression

24
Q

Short term illness that develops quickly with marked signs and symptoms

A

Acute Disease

25
Q

Milder condition that develops gradually. Persists for a long period of time, causes permanent tissue damage, marked by intermittent acute episodes

A

Chronic Disease

26
Q

Manifestations of disease subside during..

A

Remission

27
Q

Manifestations of disease increase during..

A

Exacerbation

28
Q

Where pathological changes occur, but no obvious manifestations are exhibited by the patient. Why?

A

Subclinical State, could be because of a great reserve capacity of an organ

29
Q

What is the Incubation Period

A
  • Initial silent stage.

- Time between exposure and onset of signs and symptoms. -Communicable.

30
Q

What is the Prodromal Period

A

-Early developement of disease
-Body undergoing stages (not specific)
(Fatigue, loss of apetite, headache)

31
Q

What is the Actue/Clinical Stage

A

Appearance of signs and symptoms

32
Q

What is the Convalescent/Carrier Stage

A

Individual harbour an organism, but does not have an active infection
-Can transmit infection to others

33
Q

What is the Resolution Stage?

A

Elimination of pathogen without residual S/S of disease

34
Q

Clinical evidence of effect

A

Clinical Manifestations

35
Q

Clinical manifestations found at the site of the problem

A

Local

36
Q

Clinical manifestations involving different organ systems of the body

A

Systemic

37
Q

Perceptible change in the body or function that indicates disease

A

Symptom

38
Q

Symptoms can be classified as (4)

A
  1. Objective
  2. Subjective
  3. Cardinal
  4. Constitutional
39
Q

Objective indicator of a disease

A

Sign

40
Q

May be related to primary disorder or represent body’s attempt to compensate for altered function. Ususcally occurs together

A

Signs and Symptoms

41
Q

A collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more that one organ, that usually occur together in response to a certain condition

A

Syndrome

42
Q

Designation as to the nature or cause of a health problem

A

Diagnosis

43
Q

New or additional probelems that arise after the original disease begins

A

Complications

44
Q

Potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition (paralysis from stroke)

A

Sequelae

45
Q

The period of recovery and return to the normal health state. How long does it last?

A

Convalescence or rehabilitation. May last several days or months

46
Q

Likelihood for recovery or other outcomes

A

Probability

47
Q

Indicates the disease rates within a group

A

Morbidity

48
Q

Indicates the relative number of deaths resulting from a particular sdisease

A

Mortality

Pathology (7 decks)

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