Concepts of Health and Disease

Question 1

This organization directs and coordinates authority for health within the UN system. When was it set up?

Answer 1

World Health Organization 1948

Question 2

Who’s goal was to have all citizens of the world reach a level of health by the 2000s that allows them to live a socially and economically productive life.

Answer 2

World Heath Association

Question 3

Who is the decision making body of the WHO, when was it set up?

Answer 3

World Health Association 1977

Question 4

Who described the determinants of health as an interaction between an individual’s biology and behaviour, physical and social environment, government policies and interventions and access to quality care?

Answer 4

Healthy People 2010

Question 5

The main Government of Canada agency responsible for public heath in Canada.

Answer 5

Public Health

Question 6

Define Disease.

Answer 6

An interruption or disorder of a body system or organ structure characterized by a recognized etiologic agent, identifiable group of signs and symptoms, or consistent anatomic alterations.

Question 7

Define Pathophysiology

Answer 7

Study of disease process affecting the physiological functions of the body.

Question 8

A disease or abnormal condition involving changes at a organ or system level.

Answer 8

Gross Changes

Question 9

A disease or abnormal condition involving changes at a cellular level.

Answer 9

Microscopic Changes

Question 10

Excision of very small amounts of living tissue to examine

Answer 10

Biopsy

Question 11

Examination after death

Answer 11

Autopsy

Question 12

Causative factors in a particular disease

Answer 12

Etiology

Question 13

4 Recognized etiological agents

Answer 13

1. Biological Agents: bacteria, virus
2. Physical Trauma: burn, radiation
3. Chemical Agents: poison, alcohol
4. Nutritional Excesses or Deficits

Question 14

Etiological factors causing disease at birth

Answer 14

Congenital

Question 15

Etiological factors causing disease later in life

Answer 15

Acquired

Question 16

When cause of disease in unknown

Answer 16

Idiopathic

Question 17

When treatment, a procedure, or an error causes disease

Answer 17

Iatrogenic

Question 18

Indication of risk of a disease

Answer 18

Risk Factor (age, gender, inherited, exposure, diet)

Question 19

Risk factor A.k.a

Answer 19

Predisposing Factor

Question 20

A condition that triggers an acute episode (seizure)

Answer 20

Precipitating Factor

Question 21

3 Preventative Measures

Answer 21

1. Primary
   Remove risk factors (avoid consuming high cholesterol, saturated fats, vaccinations, safety equipment)
2. Secondary
   Early detection of disease that stops progression (pap test, mammogram, colonoscopy)
3. Tertiary
   Clinical intervention to prevent further deterioration or reduce complications (drugs, physio, massage, splints)

Question 22

A sequence of cellular and tissue events that take place from initial contact with an etiological agent until the ultimate expression of the disease

Answer 22

Pathogenesis

Question 23

Onset of disease can be acute or insidious. Describe each

Answer 23

Acute: sudden obvious
Insidious: Gradual progression

Question 24

Short term illness that develops quickly with marked signs and symptoms

Answer 24

Acute Disease

Question 25

Milder condition that develops gradually. Persists for a long period of time, causes permanent tissue damage, marked by intermittent acute episodes

Answer 25

Chronic Disease

Question 26

Manifestations of disease subside during..

Answer 26

Remission

Question 27

Manifestations of disease increase during..

Answer 27

Exacerbation

Question 28

Where pathological changes occur, but no obvious manifestations are exhibited by the patient. Why?

Answer 28

Subclinical State, could be because of a great reserve capacity of an organ

Question 29

What is the Incubation Period

Answer 29

- Initial silent stage. | - Time between exposure and onset of signs and symptoms. -Communicable.

Question 30

What is the Prodromal Period

Answer 30

-Early developement of disease -Body undergoing stages (not specific) (Fatigue, loss of apetite, headache)

Question 31

What is the Actue/Clinical Stage

Answer 31

Appearance of signs and symptoms

Question 32

What is the Convalescent/Carrier Stage

Answer 32

Individual harbour an organism, but does not have an active infection -Can transmit infection to others

Question 33

What is the Resolution Stage?

Answer 33

Elimination of pathogen without residual S/S of disease

Question 34

Clinical evidence of effect

Answer 34

Clinical Manifestations

Question 35

Clinical manifestations found at the site of the problem

Answer 35

Local

Question 36

Clinical manifestations involving different organ systems of the body

Answer 36

Systemic

Question 37

Perceptible change in the body or function that indicates disease

Answer 37

Symptom

Question 38

Symptoms can be classified as (4)

Answer 38

1. Objective 2. Subjective 3. Cardinal 4. Constitutional

Question 39

Objective indicator of a disease

Answer 39

Sign

Question 40

May be related to primary disorder or represent body's attempt to compensate for altered function. Ususcally occurs together

Answer 40

Signs and Symptoms

Question 41

A collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more that one organ, that usually occur together in response to a certain condition

Answer 41

Syndrome

Question 42

Designation as to the nature or cause of a health problem

Answer 42

Diagnosis

Question 43

New or additional probelems that arise after the original disease begins

Answer 43

Complications

Question 44

Potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition (paralysis from stroke)

Answer 44

Sequelae

Question 45

The period of recovery and return to the normal health state. How long does it last?

Answer 45

Convalescence or rehabilitation. May last several days or months

Question 46

Likelihood for recovery or other outcomes

Answer 46

Probability

Question 47

Indicates the disease rates within a group

Answer 47

Morbidity

Question 48

Indicates the relative number of deaths resulting from a particular sdisease

Answer 48

Mortality