Concepts of Health and Disease Flashcards
This organization directs and coordinates authority for health within the UN system. When was it set up?
World Health Organization 1948
Who’s goal was to have all citizens of the world reach a level of health by the 2000s that allows them to live a socially and economically productive life.
World Heath Association
Who is the decision making body of the WHO, when was it set up?
World Health Association 1977
Who described the determinants of health as an interaction between an individual’s biology and behaviour, physical and social environment, government policies and interventions and access to quality care?
Healthy People 2010
The main Government of Canada agency responsible for public heath in Canada.
Public Health
Define Disease.
An interruption or disorder of a body system or organ structure characterized by a recognized etiologic agent, identifiable group of signs and symptoms, or consistent anatomic alterations.
Define Pathophysiology
Study of disease process affecting the physiological functions of the body.
A disease or abnormal condition involving changes at a organ or system level.
Gross Changes
A disease or abnormal condition involving changes at a cellular level.
Microscopic Changes
Excision of very small amounts of living tissue to examine
Biopsy
Examination after death
Autopsy
Causative factors in a particular disease
Etiology
4 Recognized etiological agents
- Biological Agents: bacteria, virus
- Physical Trauma: burn, radiation
- Chemical Agents: poison, alcohol
- Nutritional Excesses or Deficits
Etiological factors causing disease at birth
Congenital
Etiological factors causing disease later in life
Acquired
When cause of disease in unknown
Idiopathic
When treatment, a procedure, or an error causes disease
Iatrogenic
Indication of risk of a disease
Risk Factor (age, gender, inherited, exposure, diet)
Risk factor A.k.a
Predisposing Factor
A condition that triggers an acute episode (seizure)
Precipitating Factor
3 Preventative Measures
- Primary
Remove risk factors (avoid consuming high cholesterol, saturated fats, vaccinations, safety equipment) - Secondary
Early detection of disease that stops progression (pap test, mammogram, colonoscopy) - Tertiary
Clinical intervention to prevent further deterioration or reduce complications (drugs, physio, massage, splints)
A sequence of cellular and tissue events that take place from initial contact with an etiological agent until the ultimate expression of the disease
Pathogenesis
Onset of disease can be acute or insidious. Describe each
Acute: sudden obvious
Insidious: Gradual progression
Short term illness that develops quickly with marked signs and symptoms
Acute Disease
Milder condition that develops gradually. Persists for a long period of time, causes permanent tissue damage, marked by intermittent acute episodes
Chronic Disease
Manifestations of disease subside during..
Remission
Manifestations of disease increase during..
Exacerbation
Where pathological changes occur, but no obvious manifestations are exhibited by the patient. Why?
Subclinical State, could be because of a great reserve capacity of an organ
What is the Incubation Period
- Initial silent stage.
- Time between exposure and onset of signs and symptoms. -Communicable.
What is the Prodromal Period
-Early developement of disease
-Body undergoing stages (not specific)
(Fatigue, loss of apetite, headache)
What is the Actue/Clinical Stage
Appearance of signs and symptoms
What is the Convalescent/Carrier Stage
Individual harbour an organism, but does not have an active infection
-Can transmit infection to others
What is the Resolution Stage?
Elimination of pathogen without residual S/S of disease
Clinical evidence of effect
Clinical Manifestations
Clinical manifestations found at the site of the problem
Local
Clinical manifestations involving different organ systems of the body
Systemic
Perceptible change in the body or function that indicates disease
Symptom
Symptoms can be classified as (4)
- Objective
- Subjective
- Cardinal
- Constitutional
Objective indicator of a disease
Sign
May be related to primary disorder or represent body’s attempt to compensate for altered function. Ususcally occurs together
Signs and Symptoms
A collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more that one organ, that usually occur together in response to a certain condition
Syndrome
Designation as to the nature or cause of a health problem
Diagnosis
New or additional probelems that arise after the original disease begins
Complications
Potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition (paralysis from stroke)
Sequelae
The period of recovery and return to the normal health state. How long does it last?
Convalescence or rehabilitation. May last several days or months
Likelihood for recovery or other outcomes
Probability
Indicates the disease rates within a group
Morbidity
Indicates the relative number of deaths resulting from a particular sdisease
Mortality
