Inflammation Flashcards
Type of inflammation?
Anterior/posterior uveitis
Non- granulomatous
Type of inflammation?
Bechet’s disease
Non- Granulomatous
Type of inflammation?
Multiple sclerosis
Non- Granulomatous
Type of inflammation?
Retinal Vasculitis
Non- Granulomatous
Type of inflammation?
Endocrine exophthalmos
Non-Granulomatous
Type of inflammation?
Caseous necrosis of TB
Granulomatous: Zonal type
Type of inflammation?
Chalazion
Granulomatous: Zonal type
Type of inflammation?
Ruptured dermoid cyst
Granulomatous: Zonal type
Type of inflammation?
Reaction to suture material
Granulomatous: Zonal type
Type of inflammation?
Rheumatoid scleritis
Granulomatous: Zonal type
Type of inflammation?
Toxocara
Granulomatous: Zonal type
Type of inflammation?
Sarcoidosis
Granulomatous: Discrete type
Type of inflammation?
Tuberculoid leprosy
Granulomatous: Discrete type
Type of inflammation?
Miliary TB
Granulomatous: Discrete type
Type of inflammation?
Sympathetic Uveitis
Granulomatous: Diffuse type
Type of inflammation?
Juvenille xanthogranuloma
Granulomatous: Diffuse type
Type of inflammation?
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome
Granulomatous: Diffuse type
Type of inflammation?
Toxoplasmosis
Granulomatous: Diffuse type
What is a Russel Body?
What condition is associated with them?
An inclusion in a plasma cell whose cytoplasm is filled and enlarged with eosinophilic structures. The nucleus is eccentric or absent.
Associated with B cell lymphomas
What is Diffuse type granulomatous inflammation?
Epitheliod cells are RANDOMLY distributed against a BG of lymphocytes and plasma cells
What is Discrete type granulomatous inflammation?
Nodules/ Tubercles form due to accumulation of epitheliod or giant cells surrounded by a narrow rim of lymphocytes or plasma cells
What is Zonal type granulomatous inflammation?
Central area of necrosis surrounded by a pallisade of epitheliod cells.
In addition PMNs, langhan’s giant cells and macrophages are in turn surrounded by plasma cells and lymphocytes.
What is the characteristic cell type in Granulomatous inflammation?
The epitheliod cell (derived from macrophages or monocyte) or giant cell (derived from fusion of macrophages)
What are the types of Giant cells and describe their appearance
Langhans’ giant cell—typically found in tuberculosis and shows a homogenous, eosinophilic central cytoplasm and peripheral rim of nuclei
Foreign body giant cell—containing foreign material
Touton giant cell—has a rim of foamy cytoplasm peripheral to a rim of nuclei and is seen in lipid disorders e.g.juvenile xanthogranuloma.
What cell types are characteristic of Non-granulomatous inflammation?
- T&B lymphocytes
-Plasmacytoid cells (a variation of the plasma cell) - Plasma cells with russell body
Outline the 7 main steps involved in the mechanism of chemotaxis
- Chemotactic factors (e.g. PGE2, C5a) bind to chemotactic receptors on neutrophils
- Neutrophils bing chemotactic factor
- Phospholipase A2 stimulation causes calcium influx
- Arachadonic acid metabolism
- Upregulation of guanosyl cyclase
- Rise in cGMP
- Microtubule activation with cell migration down a chemotactic gradient
What is the function of histamine?
Increases vascular permeability by causing tight junctions of endothelial cells to open
- allows leukocytes to invade tissues
What is the main inflammatory cell in acute inflammation?
Neutrophils
What are the main inflammatory cells in chronic phase of inflammation?
Lymphocytes and plasma cells
What is the triple response of inflammation?
refers to the behaviour of blood vessels in damaged tissue.
- Initially vasoconstriction then…
- Flush - capiliary dilation
- Flare - Arteriolar dilation
- Wheal - fluid leakage from capillaries and local tissue swelling
What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?
- Rubor - caused by increased blood flow
- Calor - - caused by increased blood flow
- Dolor
- Tumour (mass) - oedema causes leakage of fluid and cells
- Loss of function
Which acute inflammation mediators increase vascular permeability?
- Histamine
- Seratonin
- Leukotrienes
Which acute inflammation mediators cause vasodilation?
Prostaglandins
Which acute inflammation mediators cause macrophage activation?
Cytokines
Where are most mediators derived from?
Which mediators are the exception to this and where are they derived from
Cells
Except:
- Fibrinogen
- Clotting factors
- Complement
- Kinin
All derived from plasma
