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Pathology > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Type of inflammation?

Anterior/posterior uveitis

A

Non- granulomatous

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2
Q

Type of inflammation?

Bechet’s disease

A

Non- Granulomatous

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3
Q

Type of inflammation?

Multiple sclerosis

A

Non- Granulomatous

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4
Q

Type of inflammation?

Retinal Vasculitis

A

Non- Granulomatous

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5
Q

Type of inflammation?

Endocrine exophthalmos

A

Non-Granulomatous

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6
Q

Type of inflammation?

Caseous necrosis of TB

A

Granulomatous: Zonal type

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7
Q

Type of inflammation?

Chalazion

A

Granulomatous: Zonal type

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8
Q

Type of inflammation?

Ruptured dermoid cyst

A

Granulomatous: Zonal type

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9
Q

Type of inflammation?

Reaction to suture material

A

Granulomatous: Zonal type

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10
Q

Type of inflammation?

Rheumatoid scleritis

A

Granulomatous: Zonal type

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11
Q

Type of inflammation?

Toxocara

A

Granulomatous: Zonal type

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12
Q

Type of inflammation?

Sarcoidosis

A

Granulomatous: Discrete type

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13
Q

Type of inflammation?

Tuberculoid leprosy

A

Granulomatous: Discrete type

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14
Q

Type of inflammation?

Miliary TB

A

Granulomatous: Discrete type

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15
Q

Type of inflammation?

Sympathetic Uveitis

A

Granulomatous: Diffuse type

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16
Q

Type of inflammation?

Juvenille xanthogranuloma

A

Granulomatous: Diffuse type

17
Q

Type of inflammation?

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome

A

Granulomatous: Diffuse type

18
Q

Type of inflammation?

Toxoplasmosis

A

Granulomatous: Diffuse type

19
Q

What is a Russel Body?

What condition is associated with them?

A

An inclusion in a plasma cell whose cytoplasm is filled and enlarged with eosinophilic structures. The nucleus is eccentric or absent.

Associated with B cell lymphomas

20
Q

What is Diffuse type granulomatous inflammation?

A

Epitheliod cells are RANDOMLY distributed against a BG of lymphocytes and plasma cells

21
Q

What is Discrete type granulomatous inflammation?

A

Nodules/ Tubercles form due to accumulation of epitheliod or giant cells surrounded by a narrow rim of lymphocytes or plasma cells

22
Q

What is Zonal type granulomatous inflammation?

A

Central area of necrosis surrounded by a pallisade of epitheliod cells.
In addition PMNs, langhan’s giant cells and macrophages are in turn surrounded by plasma cells and lymphocytes.

23
Q

What is the characteristic cell type in Granulomatous inflammation?

A

The epitheliod cell (derived from macrophages or monocyte) or giant cell (derived from fusion of macrophages)

24
Q

What are the types of Giant cells and describe their appearance

A

Langhans’ giant cell—typically found in tuberculosis and shows a homogenous, eosinophilic central cytoplasm and peripheral rim of nuclei

Foreign body giant cell—containing foreign material

Touton giant cell—has a rim of foamy cytoplasm peripheral to a rim of nuclei and is seen in lipid disorders e.g.juvenile xanthogranuloma.

25
Q

What cell types are characteristic of Non-granulomatous inflammation?

A
  • T&B lymphocytes
    -Plasmacytoid cells (a variation of the plasma cell)
  • Plasma cells with russell body
26
Q

Outline the 7 main steps involved in the mechanism of chemotaxis

A
  1. Chemotactic factors (e.g. PGE2, C5a) bind to chemotactic receptors on neutrophils
  2. Neutrophils bing chemotactic factor
  3. Phospholipase A2 stimulation causes calcium influx
  4. Arachadonic acid metabolism
  5. Upregulation of guanosyl cyclase
  6. Rise in cGMP
  7. Microtubule activation with cell migration down a chemotactic gradient
27
Q

What is the function of histamine?

A

Increases vascular permeability by causing tight junctions of endothelial cells to open
- allows leukocytes to invade tissues

28
Q

What is the main inflammatory cell in acute inflammation?

A

Neutrophils

29
Q

What are the main inflammatory cells in chronic phase of inflammation?

A

Lymphocytes and plasma cells

30
Q

What is the triple response of inflammation?

A

refers to the behaviour of blood vessels in damaged tissue.

  • Initially vasoconstriction then…
  1. Flush - capiliary dilation
  2. Flare - Arteriolar dilation
  3. Wheal - fluid leakage from capillaries and local tissue swelling
31
Q

What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?

A
  1. Rubor - caused by increased blood flow
  2. Calor - - caused by increased blood flow
  3. Dolor
  4. Tumour (mass) - oedema causes leakage of fluid and cells
  5. Loss of function
32
Q

Which acute inflammation mediators increase vascular permeability?

A
  • Histamine
  • Seratonin
  • Leukotrienes
33
Q

Which acute inflammation mediators cause vasodilation?

A

Prostaglandins

34
Q

Which acute inflammation mediators cause macrophage activation?

A

Cytokines

35
Q

Where are most mediators derived from?

Which mediators are the exception to this and where are they derived from

A

Cells

Except:
- Fibrinogen
- Clotting factors
- Complement
- Kinin
All derived from plasma

Pathology (15 decks)

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