Inflammation Flashcards
This is a common, normal reaction of tissues to injury and is a favorable response of the body to irritants or microorganisms that is a protective/ defensive reaction
Inflammation
What will happen if there is no inflammation?
a. Wounds will not heal
b. Bacteria and other organisms will flourish and eventually cause the death of the host
What are the 2 factors that determine the degree of response?
- Severity of the injurious stimuli
- Reactive capability of the host
This is a type of injury where there is trauma, tear, laceration
Mechanical
Type of injury that produces a burn
Thermal or Electrical
Type of injury caused by virus, bacteria, or fungi
Biological
Under biological injury, what are the 5 viral lesions?
- Herpes Simplex
- Herpes Zoster
- Human Papillomavirus Lesions
- Cytomegalovirus
- Hairy Leukoplakia and Epstein-Barr Virus
5 cardinal signs of inflammation
- Rubor: redness
- Calor: heat
- Tumor: swelling
- Dolor: pain
- Functio Laesa: loss of function
3 systemic changes
- Body weakness
- Fever
- Loss of appetite
6 sources of inflammation
- Heat
- Radiation
- Pathogenic organisms
- Chemical agents
- Trauma
- Physical agents
4 components of reaction
- Damage to the tissues
- Alteration
- Exudation
- Granulation and repair
13 steps
- Injured tissue
- Vasoconstriction
- Vasodilation
- Release of blood
- Stasis
- Release of histamine
- Blood clotting
- Migration of cells
- Margination of cells
- Pavementation
- Phagocytosis
- Edema
- Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin
4 steps of chemotaxis
- Migration of cells
- Margination of cells
- Pavementation
- Diapedesis
White blood cells assume peripheral position along the endothelium
Margination of Cells
White blood cells adhere to walls of the blood vessel
Pavementation
Squeezing out of the cells and moving into the injured area
Diapedesis
This is engulfment of foreign bodies
Phagocytosis
Ingestion of foreign body
Endocytosis
Excretion of undigested foreign bodies
Exocytosis
Lysosome fuses with phagocyte forming?
Phagolysome
A large strand-like protein that forms a sponge-like mesh
Fibrin
This walls off the area and is capable of blocking drainage to lymphatic channels
Fibrin
This is capable of ingesting and destroying some but not all bacteria
Neutrophils
This can dissolve neutrophil itself if it dies and liquifies local cells of host and insoluble fibrin wall that was laid down
Lysosome
Localized or walled off collection of pus
Abscess
Liquefied material containing dead and dying neutrophils and host cell debris and is eliminated by the body
Pus
These appear after the neutrophils and respond to chemical liberated by injured cells but more slowly
Monocytes
These are phagocytic cells but are larger and are capable of ingesting larger particles
Monocytes
Prime function of these cells is to phagocytize foreign materials, dead cells and debris at the site of inflammation
Macrophages
Considered the second line of defense
Macrophages
Considered the first line of defense
Neutrophils
These cells appear later in the inflammatory process and its prime function is to recognize foreign material and to elaborate an immune system
Lymphocytes
These cells seek out foreign proteins and inactivates them by binding them into antigen-antibody complexes
Lymphocytes
Another cell involved in antigen-antibody response, particularly relating to allergy
Eosinophil
These cells has granules that contain enzymes capable of digesting antigen-antibody complexes
Eosinophil
These cells begin to appear within the first few days of the inflammatory response
Fibroblasts and Angioblast Cells
Young connective tissue cells that can produce fibers usually collagen
Fibroblasts
Endothelial cells (normally line blood vessels) that bud and form fresh capillaries
Angioblasts
Type of repair wherein replacement of injured area with the same tissue occurs
Regeneration
Type of repair wherein replacement of injured area with another type of tissue occurs
Repair with scarring (Fibrosis)
Represents dense bundles of collagen fibers that have been produced from the granulation tissue to replace the injured area
Scar
Why does a scar appear red?
Due to increased capillary supply from granulation tissue
Why does a scar appear white?
Due to dense bundles of collagen
Return of tissue to normal state or state of repair with a scar
End of Inflammation
