Agents of Diseases

Question 1

Any harmful deviation from the normal structural or functional state of an organism, generally associated with certain signs and symptoms and different in nature from physical injury.

Answer 1

Disease

Question 2

A thread-like structure of nucleic acids & CHON found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes

Answer 2

Chromosome

Question 3

Is the language of human genetics, using the letters (Amino acids) A, G, T, C

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

A portion of DNA coded for the synthesis of a specific protein or polypeptide chain

Answer 4

Gene

Question 5

Molecule inside cells that contain the genetic information responsible for the development of an organism

Answer 5

DNA

Question 6

Specific site on a chromosome occupied by a particular gene

Answer 6

Locus/ Loci

Question 7

Genes which occupy homologous loci on homologous chromosomes

Answer 7

Alleles

Question 8

Specific set of genes carried by an individual

Answer 8

Genotype

Question 9

Clinical appearance of a patient or over manifestation of this defect which can be seen, felt, or measured by laboratory tests

Answer 9

Phenotype

Question 10

One which expresses its phenotype when it is present in the homozygous or single gene dose form

Answer 10

Dominant Gene

Question 11

One which expresses its phenotype when it is present in the homozygous or double gene dose form

Answer 11

Recessive Gene

Question 12

An individual whose two alleles at a given locus are different

Answer 12

Heterozygote

Question 13

An individual whose two alleles at a given locus are identical

Answer 13

Homozygote

Question 14

Traits produced by many genes at different loci each with small, additive effect

Answer 14

Polygenic Traits

Question 15

The interaction of environmental and genetic determinants

Answer 15

Multifactorial

Question 16

Genes on the X chromosomes and traits determined by such genes are called?

Answer 16

X-linked or Sex-linked

Question 17

Occurring in different members of a family; may or may not be of genetic etiology

Answer 17

Familial

Question 18

Present at birth, but not necessarily genetic

Answer 18

Congenital

Question 19

Any chromosome other than the sex chromosome

Answer 19

Autosome

Question 20

A mature germ cell with a haploid chromosome number

Answer 20

Gamete

Question 21

The chromosome number of a normal gamete which contains only one member of each homologous chromosome pair

Answer 21

Haploid

Question 22

The fertilized diploid ovum formed by the union of the haploid egg with the haploid sperm

Answer 22

Zygote

Question 23

The frequency of phenotypic expression of a specific gene in a group of individuals known to carry that gene

Answer 23

Penetrance

Question 24

The degree of severity of the effect of a gene in individuals with the same genotype

Answer 24

Expressivity

Question 25

A normal-appearing individual who carries a single recessive gene together with its normal allele

Answer 25

Carrier

Question 26

Any gene that is a causative factor in the initiation of cancerous growth

Answer 26

Oncogenes

Question 27

Refers to the injuries occurring within the cell primarily genetic and constitute hereditary disease

Answer 27

Endogenous or Intrinsic Factors

Question 28

One gene

Answer 28

Monogenic Inheritance

Question 29

A hereditary trait which is governed by a single dominant allele

Answer 29

Autosomal Dominant Inheritance

Question 30

A trait transmitted as an autosomal recessive is expressed only in a person who receives the recessive gene in question from each parent

Answer 30

Autosomal Recessive Inheritance

Question 31

A square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment

Answer 31

Punnett Square

Question 32

Every son of the affected father is affected and no daughter would ever be affected or transmit the trait

Answer 32

Holandric Inheritance or Y-linked Inheritance

Question 33

A piece of chromosome is absent

Answer 33

Deletion

Question 34

The insertion or an extra chromosome fragment into a chromosome

Answer 34

Duplication

Question 35

Breaking of a chromosome in two places and subsequent rejoining with the middle piece inverted

Answer 35

Inversion

Question 36

Attachment of a broken piece from one chromosome to another, but non-homologous chromosome

Answer 36

Translocation

Question 37

Factors originating outside the cell

Answer 37

Exogenous/ External Factors

Question 38

Exogenous factors are agents which commonly produces? (8)

Answer 38

1. Disease
2. Trauma
3. Drugs
4. Temperature
5. Radiation
6. Parasites
7. Nutrition
8. Emotion

Question 39

These occur primarily from agents injuring the inside of the cell

Answer 39

Malformations