Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What is inflammation?

A

Tissue response to injury or trauma

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2
Q

List three triggers of inflammation.

A

Infection, heat, and wounds

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3
Q

True or false: inflammation is part of innate/non-specific immunity.

A

True

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4
Q

List five causes of tissue injury.

A

Replicating agents
Infectious agents
Physical damage/trauma
Inert materials (foreign bodies)
Autoimmune reactions

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5
Q

Give three functions of tissue inflammation.

A

Destroys and removes pathogens

If destruction is not possible, limits damage

To repair and replace tissue that was damaged

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6
Q

What are the five cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

Pain (dolor)
Heat (calor)
Redness (rubor)
Swelling (tumor)
Loss of function (functio laesa)

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7
Q

Describe the three stages of inflammation.

A

Increase in vascular diameter (vasodilation)
Increased blood flow to the affected area, resulting in capillary engorgement, tissue redness, and heat

Increased capillary permeability
Large molecules and cells that do not normally move out of the capillaries do so, and can reach the site of inflammation, resulting in swelling

Influx of phagocytic cells
Monocytes and neutrophils move out of the capillaries, and into the site of inflammation (extravasion). Chemotaxis is the attraction to infection site, experienced by phagocytes, and there is movement of cells towards a chemical stimulus. Phagocytes destroy the pathogen, release soluble mediators, and recruit other immune cells. May cause some collateral tissue damage

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8
Q

What are chemokines?

A

Subgroup of cytokines released by immune cells, which attract cells from one site to another

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9
Q

Describe mast cells.

A

Mast cells secrete potent mediators (histamine, etc.), that increase vascular permeability, induce smooth muscle contraction, increase mucous secretion, and cause pain by irritating nerve endings

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10
Q

Basophils secrete ___________.

A

Histamine

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11
Q

___________ function as APC, contain potent hydrolytic enzymes, engage in phagocytosis and wound healing, and remove certain cells.

A

Macrophages

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12
Q

State the two principal features of endothelial cells.

A

Become activated when exposed to cytokines IL1 and TNF

Display increased adhesiveness for monocytes and neutrophils

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13
Q

____________ respond to chemotactic factors C5a, C3a, IL8, and IFNy.

A

Neutrophils

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14
Q

True or false: neutrophils are incapable of phagocytosis.

A

False

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15
Q

List five mediators of inflammation.

A

Histamine

Serotonin

Bradykinin, for vasodilation, increased permeability, and chemotactic; from the kinin system

Lipid-derived mediators include prostaglandins, leukotrienes, prostacyclin. Induce vasodilation, histamine release, permeability, etc.

Cytokines are involved in anti-inflammatory response, acute phase response, etc.

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