Cytokines Flashcards
Define the term ‘cytokines’.
A group of selected low molecular weight proteins that regulate and intensify the duration of an immune response, by stimulating or inhibiting the proliferation of various immune cells or their secretion of antibodies or other cytokines
As many cytokines are made by leucocytes and act on leucocytes, they are also called ‘____________’.
Interleukins
IL-1 through to IL-___ have been described .
29
True or false: no further expansion of cytokine types is expected.
False
Cytokines are secreted by a variety of cells that are involved in response to microbes and other __________.
Antigens
Cytokines act on target cells that bear ________ ____________ ___________ for particular cytokines.
Specific membrane receptors
Cytokine actions may be _______ or systemic.
Local
___________ actions are performed on the same cell.
Autocrine
Paracrine actions are performed on ___________ cells.
Nearby
Systemic actions are ____________, whereby the cytokine enters the circulation.
Endocrine
___________ actions involve one cytokine acting on different cell types.
Pleiotropic
Redundant actions involve multiple cytokines having the same ____________ effects.
Functional
Cytokines often induce a ___________ of cytokine production, i.e., one cytokine acting on a target cell can induce it to produce one or more different cytokines, which in turn may induce other target cells to produce other cytokines.
Cascade
Cytokines can induce __________ and antagonism.
Synergy
__________, involving IL-4 and IL-5, induces antibody class switches to IgE.
Synergy
