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Immune and Lymphatic Systems > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What is inflammation?

A

Response of living tissue to injury/insult, physical chemical infective or hypersensitive, it dilutes, destroys, isolates and initiates repair

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2
Q

What are the 2 main components of the inflammatory process?

A

White blood cells and plasma proteins

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3
Q

What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

Heat (calor) redness (rubor) swelling (tumor) pain (dolor) and loss of function

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4
Q

What is the onset of acute inflammation vs chronic?

A

Acute-fast chronic-days

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5
Q

What cells are mainly involved in acute inflammation?

A

Neutrophils

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6
Q

What cells are mainly involved in chronic inflammation?

A

Monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes

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7
Q

What causes oedema?

A

Increase of interstitial osmotic pressure

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8
Q

What are the mediators for vasodilation?

A

Prostaglandins and NO

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9
Q

What are the mediators for increased vascular permeability?

A

Histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, leukotrienes, C3a and C5a

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10
Q

What are the mediators for chemotaxis?

A

C5a, leukotriene B4, IL-8 and bacterial products

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11
Q

What are the mediators for pain?

A

Prostaglandins and bradykinin

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12
Q

What are the mediators for fever?

A

IL-1, IL-6, TNF and pprostaglandins

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13
Q

What are the mediators for tissue damage?

A

NO, enzymes and oxygen metabolites

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14
Q

What are clinical indications of acute inflammation?

A

General malaise (unhappiness), fever, pain, rapid pulse rate

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15
Q

What are the lab investigations for acute inflammation?

A

Inc neutrophil count, inc ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and inc CRP

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16
Q

List 6 factors that impair healing

A

Poor nutrition, immunosuppression, persisting tissue damage infection, retained foreign material, sequestered dead tissue and poor blood supply

17
Q

List 3 factors that aid healing?

A

Appropriate antibiotics, surgical removal of foreign matter and attempt to improve nutrition (vitamins)

18
Q

List 8 examples of where chronic inflammation is present

A

Cancer, diabetes, neurological diseases, autoimmune diseases, arthritis, pulmonary diseases, Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular disease

Immune and Lymphatic Systems (9 decks)

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