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Immune and Lymphatic Systems > Cells of the Blood > Flashcards

Cells of the Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is the proportion of different cells in the blood?

A

55% Plasma
45% Erythrocytes
1% WBC and Platelets

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2
Q

What is the function of plasma?

A

Carries solutes and cells

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3
Q

What is the function of RBC?

A

Carry oxygen

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4
Q

What is the function of WBC and platelets?

A

Fight infection and form blood clots

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5
Q

What 2 types of cell derive from multi-potential haematopoietic stem cells?

A

Common myeloid progenitor and common lymphoid progenitor

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6
Q

What 4 types of cell derive from common myeloid progenitor cells?

A

Megakaryocytes, erythrocytes, mast cells, myeloblast

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7
Q

What derives from megakaryocytes?

A

Thrombocytes

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8
Q

What 4 types of cell derive from myeloblasts

A

Basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes

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9
Q

What do monocytes become?

A

Macrophages

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10
Q

What 2 types of cell derive from common lymphoid progenitor cells?

A

Small lymphocytes and natural killer cells

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11
Q

What 2 types of cell derive from small lymphocytes

A

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

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12
Q

What are 4 features of RBC?

A

Contain Hb, are numerous, biconcave discs and have no nucleus to maximise space for oxygen transport

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13
Q

How long do RBC live for?

A

120 days

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14
Q

How are RBC removed from circulation?

A

By phagocytic macrophages in the spleen and the liver

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15
Q

What is erythropoiesis?

A

The production of RBC

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16
Q

Where does erythropoiesis occur?

A

Bone marrow

17
Q

What is the precursor cell called?

A

Proerythroblast

18
Q

How does a proerythroblast become a a reticulocyte?

A

Develops and ejects its nucleus

19
Q

How long does a reticulocyte take to become a RBC?

A

Becomes a mature RBC after 1-2 days

20
Q

How is the rate of maturation of into proerythroblasts increased?

A

Reduced oxygen delivery to the kidneys and other tissues cause the kidneys to secrete erythropoietin (EPO) which increases the maturation rate

21
Q

What is red bone marrow and where is it located?

A

Highly vascularised connective tissue located in the axial skeleton, pectoral and pelvic girdles and proximal epiphyses of the humerus and femur

22
Q

Where does hematopoeisis occur?

A

Red bone marrow

23
Q

What is yellow bone marrow?

A

Mainly fat, it replaces red bone marrow as we age, but can be converted into red marrow in certain conditions such as severe bleeding

24
Q

How would you distinguish between WBC?

A

Neutrophil-multilobed nucleus
Basophil-kidney shaped nucleus (gram +ve)
Eosinophil-gram -ve
Monocyte-large with big nucleus
Lymphocyte-nucleus is most of cell

25
Q

What does a high neutrophil count indicate?

A

Infection

26
Q

What does a high eosinophil count indicate?

A

Parasite, allergy, leukemia

27
Q

What does a high lymphocyte count in CSF indicate?

A

Viral meningitis

Immune and Lymphatic Systems (9 decks)

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