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Adult Health 1 Exam 3 Fall 2022 > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What causes inflammation?

A

Infection or injury, you can have inflammation without infection but not infection without inflammation.

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2
Q

What is the purpose of inflammation?

A

To establish an environment suitable for healing and repair.

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3
Q

What does inflammation do?

A

Neutralizes and dilutes infammatory agent.

Removes necrotic materials.

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4
Q

How does inflammation occur?

A
  • Microbial invasion
  • Heat
  • Radiation - sunburn, or radiation treatments.
  • Chemicals - cleaning agents
  • Allergens - exaggerated in asthma
  • Autoimmune reactions
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5
Q

What is acute inflammation?

A

Lasts 2-3 weeks, usually no residual damage after healing.

Neutrophils - predominant cell types at site of inflammation.

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6
Q

What is subacute inflammation?

A

Same features as acute inflammation but can last weeks to months.

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7
Q

What populations are at most risk for a severe or ineffective inflammatory response?

A

Very young
Very old
Uninsured

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8
Q

What lab tests do we monitor for inflammation?

A 
CBC
WBC with differential
CRP 
ESR
Serological tests to detect specific antibodies or viruses
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9
Q

What does an elevated CRP mean?

A

It is an inflammatory marker and indicates inflmmation in the body.

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10
Q

What can people with fibro myalgia take to reduce inflammation?

A

Vitamin B

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11
Q

What is ESR?

A

The rate at which red blood cells fall to the bottom of a beaker and is a marker for inflammation.

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12
Q

What radiographic studies do we use to detect inflammation?

A

MRI
CAT
PET Scans
Colonscopy

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13
Q

What is MRI really good at looking at?

A

Soft tissue and is very specific
Good for acute inflammation
Can detect inflammatory chagnes in the tissue.

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14
Q

What does a colonoscopy have to do with inflammation?

A

Looking for GI diseases like Chrohn’s or Ulcerative collitis.

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15
Q

What is chronic inflammation?

A

Can last weeks, months, or years.
Injurious agent persists or repeats injury to tissue
May result from changes in immune response like autoimmune diseases.

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16
Q

What can we do to reduce inflammation in chronic patients?

A

Biological modifiers that ends with -mavs

In acute situations we can give steroids

17
Q

What do leukotrienes do?

A

Causes inflammation in the lungs and in asthma patients hyper-inflammation and singulair is used for this.

18
Q

What are the chemical mediators of inflammation?

A 
Histamine
Serotonin
Kinins - bradykinins e.g.
Prostaglandins and leukotrienes
Cytokines
Complement system C3a, C4a, C5a
19
Q

What does Thromboxane do?

A

It is a clotting agent.

20
Q

What are local manifestations of inflammation?

A 
Redness 
Heat
Pain
Swelling
Loss of function
21
Q

What is in pus?

A

White blood cells

22
Q

What are systemic manifestations of inflammation?

A 
Increased WBC count “Shift to the left”
Malaise
Nausea and anorexia
Increased pulse and respiratory rate
Fever
23
Q

What is POLICE?

A 
Protect - Immobilize or wrap
Optimal load - move area to a certain degree
Ice - Reduce swelling and pain
Compress - Reduce edema and stabilize
Elevate - Reduce edema and pain
24
Q

What can we do to prevent inflammation?

A 
- Health promotion
Prevention of injury
Adequate nutrition and hydration
Early recognition of inflammation
Immediate treatment
25
Q

How do we acutely care for inflammation?

A 
Observation and vital signs
Immunosuppressed - classic manifestations masked with “ I just don’t feel well”
- Fever management
Determine cause
Administer antipyretic or antibiotics
Monitor for seizures or delirium >104 F
26
Q

Acute care for older adults and persons taking corticosteroids regularly.

A

Blunted response to fever
Illness may be severe
Sponge baths, cooling blankets useful to lower temperature, avoid shivering.

27
Q

What drugs can we provide for inflammation?

A

Antipyretics - Acetaminophen
Anti inflammatory - Corticosteroids
Salicylates (Aspirin)
NSAIDS - Ibuprofen

28
Q

What is inflammation?

A

A process where the body migrates towards an area of injury with multiple cells and proteins to remove the irritant.

29
Q

Why is it normal to have a slightly higher temperature after surgery?

A

Because of inflammation

30
Q

What is CRP?

A

C reactive protein is an inflammatory marker that indicates inflammation.

31
Q

What are the predominant cell types in chronic inflammation?

A

lymphocyte and macrophages.

32
Q

What should a patient on steroids do?

A

Be careful who they are around, steroids lower immunity.

33
Q

What medications block Prostaglandins, Thromboxane, and Leukotrienes?

A

Corticosteroids
NSAIDs
ASA inhibitors

34
Q

Is fever a normal response to injury in the body?

A

Yes

35
Q

What is thromboxane?

A

Powerful vasoconstrictor (Pallor)
Brief due to short half life
Platelet-aggregating agent
Promotes clot formation

36
Q

What are leukotrienes?

A 
Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis
Bronchoconstriction
Airway narrowing
Increased capillary permeability
Airway edema

Adult Health 1 Exam 3 Fall 2022 (8 decks)

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