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Adult Health 1 Exam 3 Fall 2022 > Hepatitis > Flashcards

Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

Inflammation of the liver

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2
Q

What can cause hepatitis?

A 
Viral (Most common)
Alcohol
Medications
Chemicals
Autoimmune diseases
Metabolic problems
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3
Q

What is an acute infection of the liver?

A
  • Large numbers of hepatocytes are destroyed.

- Liver cells can regenerate in normal form after resolution of infection.

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4
Q

What can a chronic hepatic infection cause?

A

Fibrosis and progresses to cirrhosis.

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5
Q

What are systemic manifestations of hepatitis?

A 
Rash
Angioedema
Arthritis
Fever 
Malaise
Cryoglobulinemia
Glomerulonephritis
Vasculitis
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6
Q

What is Hep A?

A
  • Ranges from mild to acute liver failure
  • Not chronic
  • Incidence decreased with vaccination
  • RNA virus transmitted via fecal-oral route
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7
Q

How is Hep A transmitted?

A

Contaminated food or drinking water.

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8
Q

What is Hep B?

A
  • Acute or chronic disease
  • Incidence decreased with vaccination
  • DNA virus
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9
Q

How is Hep B transmitted?

A
  • Perinatally
  • Percutaneously
  • Via small cuts on mucosal surfaces and exposure to infectious blood, blood products, or other bodily fluids.
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10
Q

What is Hep C?

A
  • Acute: asymptomatic
  • Chronic: Liver damage
  • RNA virus transmitted percutaneously
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11
Q

What are risk factors for Hep C?

A
  • IV drug use
  • High risk sexual behavior
  • Occupational exposure
  • Perinatal exposure
  • Blood transfusion before 1992
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12
Q

Who is most at risk for Hep B?

A
  • Men who have sex with men
  • Household contact of chronically infected
  • Patients on hemodialysis
  • Health care and public safety workers
  • IV drug users
  • Recipients of blood products
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13
Q

What is the acute phase of Hep B?

A 
- Physical examination findings
Hepatomegaly
Lymphadenopathy
Splenomegaly
- Icteric (Jaundice) or anticteric
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14
Q

What makes a patient icteric (jaundice)?

A

Too much bilirubin

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15
Q

What are signs of icteric (jaundice)?

A
  • Dark urine
  • Light or clay-colored stools
  • Pruritus
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16
Q

What is the convalescent phase of Hep B?

A
  • Begins as jaundice is disappearing
  • Lasts weeks to months
  • Major problems
    Malaise
    Easy fatigue
  • Hepatomegaly persists
  • Splenomegaly subsides
17
Q

What diagnostic studies can we do for Hepatitis?

A
  • Specific antigen and/or antibody for each type of viral hepatitis.
  • Liver function tests
  • Viral genotype testing
  • Physical assessment findings
  • Liver biopsy
  • FibroScan
  • FiberoSure (FibroTest)
18
Q

How do we care for a patient with Hepatitis?

A
  • Assess for jaundice
  • Comfort measures
  • Adequate nutrition
19
Q

How do we make sure patients have adequate nutrition?

A
  • Small, frequent meals
  • Measures to stimulate appetite
  • Carbonated beverages
  • Adequate fluid intake
20
Q

How do we manage acute and chronic hepatitis?

A
  • Adequate nutrition
  • Rest
  • Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic drugs
  • Notification of possible contacts
  • Psychological and emotional rest
  • Diversion activities
21
Q

Nutritional therapy for Hepatitis?

A
  • No special diet needed.
  • Vitamins B-complex and K
  • IV glucose or enteral nutrition
22
Q

Pharmacological therapy for acute hepatitis?

A
  • Acute HAV infection: no specific
  • Acute HBV infection: Only if severe
  • Acute HCV infection: DAAs (Directing acting antiviral)
23
Q

What supportive drugs can we give for acute hepatitis?

A
  • Antihistamines

- Antiemetics

24
Q

What medicine can we give for chronic Hep B and C?

A
  • Interferon
  • Pegylated interferon
  • Flu-like side effects, and depression
25
Q

What are risk factors for cirrhosis?

A
  • Male
  • Alcohol use
  • Concomitant fatty liver disease
  • Excess iron deposition in the liver
26
Q

What are risk factors for chronic Hepatitis?

A
  • Chronic HBV is more likely to develop in under age 5.
  • HC infection is more likely than HBV to become chronic.
  • <50% of immunocompromised adults that are acutely infected with HBV progress to chronic.

Adult Health 1 Exam 3 Fall 2022 (8 decks)

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