Inflammation 1 Flashcards
5 cardinal signs of inflammation
warmth, pain, redness, swelling, lack of function
textbook definition of inflammation
reaction of the microcirculation characterized by movement of fluid + WBCs from blood into extravascular tissues
acute inflammatory response is? speed and specificity?
immediate reaction at sites of injury and infection. rapid response so minutes to hours, not much specificity
what 2 things are important in the pathogenesis of inflammation and why?
blood vessels and endothelial cells: permeability changes = redness and swelling. activation of coagulation system/platelets = inflamm. mediators. vascular endothelium = where WBCs leave circulation
at sites of inflammation, blood vessels become more ____. so leak what 3 things?
more porous: fluid, protein, cells
6 chemical mediators that control vascular permability
kinins. histamine. platelet products (5HT). platelet activating factor. anaphylotoxins. arachidonic acid metabolites (leukotrienes and prostaglandins)
kinins: what? mediate what?
small polypeptides. potent mediators of vascular dilation and permeability.
most important vasocative molecule? found where?
histamine: stored in mast cell granules
edema: what?
fluid shift that causes swelling of the tissue interstitium
inflammatory exudate
protein-rich fluid which oozes into tissue or onto surfaces
inflammatory infiltrate
population of leukocytes which permeates the tissue
transudate
protein-poor fluid permeating tissues in response to hemodynamic or hydrostatic factors
practical difference between exudate and transudate?
an exudate implies there is local disease. Transudation of fluid can occur in normal tissues as a response to situations like heart and kidney disease.
effusion
An exudate or transudate may form a fluid collection in a body space = effusion
empyema
if the effusion is composed of pus (i.e., purulent or suppurative), we call it an empyema.
