Immunology 6

Question 1

toxic shock: hyperactivation of what cells

Answer 1

CD5 T cells

Question 2

IFN-y: what cells can make it?

Answer 2

CD4 TH 1 cells, NK cells, and CD8 TC cells

Question 3

IFN4-y: actions on 4 different cells?

Answer 3

decrease proliferation of CD4 TH2 cells. increase macrophages = super killers. increase NK cell cytotoxic activity. increase B cell differentiation, will also affect Ab production

Question 4

IL-2: what, made by, action

Answer 4

T cell growth factor made by TH1, also enhances activity of CTLs and NK cells

Question 5

IL4: is the key__?, made by, actions

Answer 5

key TH2 cytokine, made by TH2 cells, costimulates activation of antigen primed B cells and their proliferation + differentiation + class switching

Question 6

to have an effect, cytokines must signal through? structures?

Answer 6

through specific cell surface receptors: usually composed of 2/3 polypeptide chains

Question 7

delayed type hypersensitivity: what cells responsible? what do they do?

Answer 7

T cells: they activate macrophages

Question 8

to get a DTH reaction, first you need?

Answer 8

activation of naive CD4 T cells via signal 1 + 2 = differentiation into TH1 like cells, which secrete IFN gamma

Question 9

what induces native T cells to differentiate into TH1 vs TH2

Answer 9

TH1: IL12, IFNy and TNFa. TH2: IL4

Question 10

th2: helper for what cell

Answer 10

helper for B cell

Question 11

when T-DTH cells act on macrophage, what happens and how

Answer 11

macrophage becomes activated into more effecient at killing bacteria: more efficient fusion of lysozymes with phagocytic vesicles, production of NO, radicals, etc. that are toxic to all cells. production of antibacterial peptides. increase TNFa receptor + MHC Class II expression levels = macrophage more sensitive to TNFa, better at present antigens to CD4

Question 12

activated macrophage from DTH makes what 2 things

Answer 12

IL12 = generates more T-DTH cells. IL10 = will gradually turn off immune response

Question 13

after infection is resolved: cytokines?

Answer 13

inhibitory cytokines are produced = inhibits production of other cytokines, will down regulate macrophage activation, stimulate tissue reconstruction

Question 14

granuloma

Answer 14

T helper cells around epitheliod cells (macrophages) around bacteria - also have morphologically changed cells like multinucleated giant cells

Question 15

when bacteria like TB resist killing by macrophages, what happens

Answer 15

infected macrophages collect in a central area and are surrounded by a wall of T cells = granuloma

Question 16

granuloma purpose

Answer 16

wall off infected macrophages, preent them from entering rest of body

Question 17

caseation necrosis

Answer 17

dead macrophages look like cottage cheese, in a granuloma

Question 18

new type of helper cell? triggered by? makes what?

Answer 18

TH17: triggerred by IL23, makes IL 17, 22

Question 19

some functions of TH17 cells

Answer 19

protect against infection via IL17, induce neutrophils, can also induce autoimmune diseases like psoriasis