Infertility

Question 1

Wolffian duct degenerates to form female or male reproductive system?

Answer 1

male

Question 2

what do leydig cells produce

Answer 2

testosterone

Question 3

where are sertoli cells found and what do they secrete?

Answer 3

within seminiferous tubules

secrete androgen binding globulin&raquo_space; binds testosterone so that conc remains high in lumen
also secretes inhibin which down regulates FSH&raquo_space; less testosterone released
also secretes semif tubule fluid, nutrients etc

Question 4

where is GnRH released from

Answer 4

hypothalamus

Question 5

where does GnRH act

Answer 5

on FSH and LH in the anterior pituitary

Question 6

LH/FSH - which one acts on leydig cells?

Answer 6

LH

Question 7

what does FSH act on

Answer 7

sertoli cells

Question 8

spermatozoa binds to ?? of oocyte

Answer 8

zona pellucida

Question 9

what prevents more sperm getting into the egg one a sperm binds?

Answer 9

zonal reaction

Question 10

what does the prostate gland produce

Answer 10

alkaline fluid to neutralise the vagina

clotting enzymes to clot the semen within female

Question 11

what do bulbourethral glands secrete

Answer 11

mucous (lubricant)

Question 12

what is the route of sperm?

Answer 12

testes > epidydimis > vas deferens > ejac duct > urethra

Question 13

definition of absence of one or both testis from the scrotum

Answer 13

cryptorchidism

Question 14

normal testicular volume

• pre pubertal
• adult

Answer 14

pre pubertal: 1 - 3 ml

adults: 12 - 25 ml

Question 15

will non obstructive infertility cause low or normal testicular volume

Answer 15

low

Question 16

androgen insensitivity syndrome

• aut dom or rec?
• born with phenotypically male or female genitilia?
• how does it commonly present

Answer 16

aut rec
female
py amenorrhoea

Question 17

what type of infertility treatment is used in:

• mild decreased sperm count
• very low sperm count
• azoospermia

Answer 17

mild: Intra uterine insemination or IVF
severe: ICSI
azoospermia: surgical sperm aspiration

Question 18

rules for before ACT

Answer 18

females limited to 4 units alcohol per week
advise to stop smoking
BMI 19-29 for both M and F
rubella immune
smears up to date
folic acid 0.4 mg pre conception and up to 12 weeks gestation

Question 19

side effects of ‘down regulation’ which is performed prior to ACT

Answer 19

hot flushes, mood swings, headaches, nasal irritation

Question 20

sperm sample for ACT - is abstinence required before?

Answer 20

yes, for 72 hrs before collecting the sample

Question 21

what temperature is mature human egg incubated at

Answer 21

37 degrees

Question 22

stages of embryo development

Answer 22

day 0 = zygote
day 4 = morula
about day 5 - cavity forms = blastocyst
day 7 = implantation

Question 23

name of the cells around outer later of blastocyst

Answer 23

trophoblast cells

Question 24

what does the trophoblast become?

Answer 24

fetal portions of the placenta