Infertility Flashcards
Wolffian duct degenerates to form female or male reproductive system?
male
what do leydig cells produce
testosterone
where are sertoli cells found and what do they secrete?
within seminiferous tubules
secrete androgen binding globulin»_space; binds testosterone so that conc remains high in lumen
also secretes inhibin which down regulates FSH»_space; less testosterone released
also secretes semif tubule fluid, nutrients etc
where is GnRH released from
hypothalamus
where does GnRH act
on FSH and LH in the anterior pituitary
LH/FSH - which one acts on leydig cells?
LH
what does FSH act on
sertoli cells
spermatozoa binds to ?? of oocyte
zona pellucida
what prevents more sperm getting into the egg one a sperm binds?
zonal reaction
what does the prostate gland produce
alkaline fluid to neutralise the vagina
clotting enzymes to clot the semen within female
what do bulbourethral glands secrete
mucous (lubricant)
what is the route of sperm?
testes > epidydimis > vas deferens > ejac duct > urethra
definition of absence of one or both testis from the scrotum
cryptorchidism
normal testicular volume
- pre pubertal
- adult
pre pubertal: 1 - 3 ml
adults: 12 - 25 ml
will non obstructive infertility cause low or normal testicular volume
low
androgen insensitivity syndrome
- aut dom or rec?
- born with phenotypically male or female genitilia?
- how does it commonly present
aut rec
female
py amenorrhoea
what type of infertility treatment is used in:
- mild decreased sperm count
- very low sperm count
- azoospermia
mild: Intra uterine insemination or IVF
severe: ICSI
azoospermia: surgical sperm aspiration
rules for before ACT
females limited to 4 units alcohol per week
advise to stop smoking
BMI 19-29 for both M and F
rubella immune
smears up to date
folic acid 0.4 mg pre conception and up to 12 weeks gestation
side effects of ‘down regulation’ which is performed prior to ACT
hot flushes, mood swings, headaches, nasal irritation
sperm sample for ACT - is abstinence required before?
yes, for 72 hrs before collecting the sample
what temperature is mature human egg incubated at
37 degrees
stages of embryo development
day 0 = zygote
day 4 = morula
about day 5 - cavity forms = blastocyst
day 7 = implantation
name of the cells around outer later of blastocyst
trophoblast cells
what does the trophoblast become?
fetal portions of the placenta
