Inferential Statistics

Question 0

when does sampling error occur

Answer 0

when the sample does not accurately reflect the pop

Question 1

2 purposes of inferential stats

Answer 1

1- estimate pop parameters from sample data and to test hypothesis
2- hypothesis are tested in nursing research studies

Question 2

def central limit theorem

Answer 2

phenomenon in which sample values tend to be normally distributed around the pop value

Question 3

def sampling distribution

Answer 3

a theoretical freq distribution based on an infinite number of samples

Question 4

def standard error of the mean

Answer 4

the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean

Question 5

def confidence interval

Answer 5

a range of values that, with a specified degree of probability, is thought to contain the population value

Question 6

def level of significance

Answer 6

the probability of rejecting a null hypoth when it is true, and it should not be rejected

Question 7

def one tailed test of significance

Answer 7

differences or correlations are sought in only one tail of hte theoretical sampling distribution

Question 8

def two tailed test of significance

Answer 8

used to determine sigificant values in both ends of the sampling distributions
non directional hypoth

Question 9

def type i error

Answer 9

if the null hypoth is actually true an you reject it

Question 10

def type ii error

Answer 10

if the null hypoth is actually false and you fail to reject it

Question 11

t/f- as the probability of type i error incr, prob of type ii decr

Answer 11

true

Question 12

what is the most likely reason for type i errors

Answer 12

unnecessary changes being instituted

Question 13

what is the most likely reason for type ii errors

Answer 13

failure to institute needed changes

Question 14

def parametric tests

Answer 14

concerned with pop parameters and these tests make assumptions abt a pop from a sample

Question 15

def non parametric tests

Answer 15

less stringent in the requirements for their use and do not make assumptions abt the pop from a sample

Question 16

assumptions of the parametric test

Answer 16

1- level of measurement of data is interval or ratio
2- data are taken from pops that are normally distributed on the variable being measured
3- data are taken from pops that have equal variances on the variable being measured

Question 17

def power of a statistical test

Answer 17

the ability of the test to reject a null hypo when it is false

Question 18

3 most common stat tests

Answer 18

t test
analysis of variance
chi square

Question 19

def t test

Answer 19

a parametric tess that examines the difference bx the neab values if some variable in 2 groups
- degrees of freedom

Question 20

def dependant t test

Answer 20

aka paired t test or correlated t test

used when scores or values are assoc or have some connection

Question 21

def analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Answer 21

compare the differences among more than 2 means

researcher is able analyze the difference bx several means at one time

Question 22

def chi square test

Answer 22

a non parametric inferential technique appropriate for comparing sets of data that are in the form of frequencies or percentages
used most commonly with nominal data

Question 23

def multiple regression

Answer 23

procedure used when the researcher wishes to determine the inlfuence of more than one independant variable on the dependant variable

Question 24

def analysis of covariance

Answer 24

a powerful statistical test used when the researcher wishes to control statistically for some variable that may have an influence on the dependant variable

Question 25

def cononical correlation

Answer 25

examines the correlation bx 2 or more independant variables and two or more dependant variables

Question 26

def multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)

Answer 26

examines the difference bx the mean scores of 2 or more groups on two or more dependant variables that are examined at the same time

Question 27

def meta analysis

Answer 27

a technique that combines the results of several quant studies that have been conducted on the same topic

Question 28

def effect size

Answer 28

indicates how useful a treatment or intervention was in several studies as indicated by the differences bx data from control groups and experimental groups

Question 29

def meta synthesis

Answer 29

a technique used in summarizing reports of qual res studies

it combines the results of several qual studies that cover the same topic