Data Collection Methods Flashcards
def questionaire
a paper and pencil self reeport instrument
what are the most common data collection methods
interviews
pbservational methods
physiologicalogical measures
psychological measures
questionaires are used to measure what?
knowledge levels opinions attitudes beliefs ideas feelings perceptions gather factual information abt respondants
define tools to determine the reading level of printed material
1- flesch reading ease
2- fog
3- flescsh-kincaid
4- smog
descirbe the flesch reading ease formula
examines the avg length of sentences and number fo syllables per word
0-100( higher score is easier reading level)
describe the fog formula
similar to flesch
examines syllables and lengths
5= easy
20= difficult
describe the flesch kincaid grade level formula
provides us school grade level
describe the smog formula (Simple measure of gobbledygook)
a readability formula that estimates the yrs if education needed to understand a written passage and looks at the number of multisyllable words
how long should a questionaire be?
done within 10 mins or less
no longer than 2-3 pages
how should the wording of questions be presented?
1- state questions in an affirmative rather than a negative manner 2- avoid ambiguous questions 3- avoid double negative questions 4- q's should contain nuetral wording 5- avoid double barrelled q's
list the types of q’s in a questionnaire
demographic closed ended open ended contingency filler
def collectively exhaustive categories
all possible answers are provided
def mutually exclusive categories
no overlap bx categories
how should questionnaire questions be placed?
q’s abt a certain topic should be placed together
def interview
a method of data collection in which an interviewer obtains responses from a subject in a face to face encounter, through a phone call, or through internet connection
purpose of interviews
- obtain factual data abt ppl
- measure ppls opinions, attitudes, and beliefs
list the 3 different types of interview structures
unstructured
structured
semistructured
def unstructured interview
the interviewer is given a great deal of freedom to direct the course of the interview
conducted more like normal conversations
topics are pursued at the discretion of the interviewer
unstructured interviews are more appropriate for _______ research studies
qual
def probes
additional prompting q’s that encourage the respondent to elaborate on the topic being discussed
def structured interview
involve asking the same questions, in the same order, and in the same manner as all the other respondents in a study
a structured interview uses an ________ __________
interview schedule
def interview schedule
contains a set of questions to be asked by the interviewer and space to record the respondents answers
def semistructured interviews
interviewers are generally required to ask a certain number of specific questions, but addl probes are allowed or even encouraged .
both closed and open ended q’s used
interview questions
clear
unambiguous
short
def observation research
concerned with gathering data through visual observation
def structured observations
carried out when the researcher has prior knowledge abt the phenomenon of interest
def unstructured observations
the researcher attempts to describe events or behaviors as they occur, with no preconceived ideas of what will be seen
def event sampling
observation of an entire event
def time sampling
invovles observations of events or behaviors during certain specified times
def non participant observer (overt)
the observer openly identifies that he/she is conducting research andprovides subjects with information abt the typs of data that will be collected
def non participant obsrver (covert)
one who does not, before the beginning of data collection , identify herself or himself to the subjects who are being observed
def participant observer (overt)
becomes involved with the participants openly and with full awareness of those ppl who will be observed
def participant observer (covert)
the observer interacts witht he participants and observes their behavior without knowledge
def physiological measures
collection of physical data from subjects
def attitude scales
self report data collection instruments that ask respondents to report their attitudes or feelings on a contiuum
def likert scale
scale responses that contain 5-7 categories ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree
def semantic differential
asks subjects to indicate their position or attitude abt soe concept along a continuum bx 2 adjectives or phrases that are presented in relation to the concept being measured
why was the semantic scale designed?
to measure the psychological meaning of concepts
which scale is generally easier for subjects to complete : the likert or semantic?
semantic
def Personality Inventories
self report measures used to assess the ddifferenced in personality traits, needs, or values of ppl
purpose of personality inventory tests
-seek info abt a person by asking questions or requesting responses to statements that are presented
what are some of the more commonly used personality inventory tests used?
1- MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)
2- Edwards Personal Preference Schedule ( EPPS)
3- 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF)
decribe the MMPI
550 affirmative statements- t, f, cannot say
10 subdivisions- depression, paranoia, hysteria
normal - phycologically impaired
describe the EPPS
15 scales that measure autonomy and dominance
describe 16 pf
measures personality dimensions such as reserved vs outgoing
practical vs imaginative
relaxed vs tense
def projective technique
a respondent technique is presented with stimuli designed to be ambiguous or to have no definite meaning
describe the TAT Test
a set of pictures and individuals are asked to tell a story relating to what they think is happening in the pics
when are projective tests useful?
with sall children bc of their limited voacbulary
def q sort
aka q methodology
a means of obtaining data in which subjects sort statements into categories according to their attitudes toward, or rating of, the statements
(bell)
def delphi technique
used to describe a data collection technique that employs several rounds of questions to seek a consensus on a particular topic from a group of experts
def visual analogue scale
presents subjects with a straight line drawn on a piece of paper (pain scale)
def pre existing data
the buse of existing information that may not have been collected fr research purposes
sources of pre existing data
records from agencies and organziations such as hospitals and us gov’t
