Inferential statistics Flashcards
Definition:
Chi-squared test
A statistical test that is used when the experimental design is independent groups, when the level of data is nominal and when the hypothesis is predicting a difference between variables.
The observed value must be higher than the critical value for results to be considered statistically significant.
Definition:
Mann Whitney U test
A statistical test that is used when the experimental design is independent groups, when the level of data is at least ordinal and when the hypothesis is predicting a difference between variables.
The critical value must be higher than the observed value for results to be significant.
Definition:
Sign Test
A statistical test that is used when the experimental design is repeated measures/matched pairs, when the level of data is nominal and when the hypothesis is predicting a difference.
The critical value must be higher than the observed value for results to be considered statistically significant.
Definition:
Spearman’s rank
A statistical test that is used when the level of data is at least ordinal and is related, and when the hypothesis is predicting a correlation/relationship between variables.
The observed value must be higher than the critical value for results to be considered statistically significant.
Definition:
Wilcoxon test
A statistical test that is used when the experimental design is repeated measures/matched pairs, when the level of data is at least ordinal and when the hypothesis is predicting a difference between variables.
The critical value must be higher than the observed value for results to be significant.
Definition:
Probability Values
A numerical value that gives an indication of the likelihood that results are due to a real difference/correlation and not due to chance e.g. in psychology we accept a probability value of 95%, where results are due to chance in 5% of cases.
Definition:
Significance levels
A numerical value that is usually expressed in value including two decimal places. This level tells you the margin of error that could occur in your results e.g. 0.05 suggests that there is a 5% possibility that results are due to chance and not the difference/correlation between variables.
Definition:
Observed (calculated) Values
The numerical value that is created as a result of inferential statistical analysis of your data. This will be compared to the critical values for the test to calculate the level of significance.
Definition:
Critical Values from tables
The tabulated numerical values that have been assigned to a particular inferential statistical test. It is compared to the observed value for your set of data to calculate significance.
