Infective Endocarditis Flashcards
what is endocarditis?
infection involving endocardial surface of the heart, including valvular structures
What are the risk factors of endocarditis?
catheters
presence of heart valves
IV drug use
previous endocarditis
recent dental work
How does endocarditis present?
fever/ chills
cardiac murmur
night sweats
malaise, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, myalgia
peripheral emboli
osler nodes
Roth spots
Janeway lesions
What are the major criteria in Dukes criteria?
positive blood culture
evidence of endocardial involvement
What are the minor criteria in Dukes criteria?
predisposition
fever
vascular phenomena
PCR/ echo findings
What is the most common cause of infective endocarditis?
staphylococcus aureus
What investigations should be carried out for suspect endocarditis?
3+ blood cultures from 3 different sites
ECG
FBC
CRP
What treatment is given to patients at high risk of developing endocarditis?
amoxicillin 30mins before surgery
What antibiotic is used to treat endocarditis confirmed to be caused by staphylococcus aureus?
flucloxacillin for 4 weeks
What antibiotics are given to treat endocarditis before causative organism is determined?
amoxicillin and gentamicin
What antibiotics are used to treat endocarditis caused by prosthetic valve?
flucloxacillin + rifampicin + gentamicin
