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InfectiousDisease-Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Standard parameters for bacterial classification

A

Morphology Staining O2-requirement

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2
Q

Bacterial-morphology: most bacteria are

A

Cocci Bacilli

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3
Q

Bacterial O2 requirement:

A

Anaerobic-aerobic spectrum

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4
Q

Which bacteria do not fit neatly into the standard classification parameters (shape, Gram, O2-requirements)?

A

Mycobacteria Spirochaetes Rickettsiae Chlamydiae

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5
Q

Are Mycobacteria Gram +ve or Gram -ve?

A

Very weakly Gram-positive or not at all

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6
Q

Mycobacterial cell walls contain

A

Mycolic acid

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7
Q

Rickettsiae, Chlamydiae: Gram +ve or Gram -ve?

A

stain poorly with Gram … - more closely related to Gram-negatives

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8
Q

Obligate intracellular parasites that lack cell walls

A

Rickettsiae Chlamydiae

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9
Q

Medically important Gram-+ve, aerobic cocci

A

Staph Strep Entero

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10
Q

Medically important Gram-+ve, anaerobic cocci

A

Anaerobic streptococci

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11
Q

Gram +ve, aerobic bacilli

A

Corynebacterium Bacillus Listeria monocytogenes Nocardia asteroides

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12
Q

Gram +ve, anaerobic bacilli

A

Clostridium sp. Lactobacillus sp. Actinomyces sp.

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13
Q

Gram -ve, aerobic cocci

A
  • Neissira meningitidis - N. gonorrhea
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14
Q

Gram -ve, anaerobic cocci

A

None

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15
Q

Gram -ve, aerobic bacilli

A

Enterobacteria Pseudomonads Coccobacilli Curved Gram–ve rods (Eg: Vibrio)

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16
Q

Gram -ve, anaerobic bacilli

A

Bacteroides Fusobacterium

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17
Q

Neissira meningitidis and N. gonorrhea: classical scheme

A

Gram -ve, aerobic, cocci

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18
Q

Staphylococci

A

MSSA MRSA Toxin producing Staph. aureus S. epidermidis S. saprophyticus

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19
Q

Example of Coagulase negative Staph.:

A

Staph. epidermidis

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20
Q

Rx: MSSA

A

Flucloxacillin

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21
Q

Rx: MRSA

A

Vancomycin Doxycycline Rifampicin

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22
Q

Rx: TSS

A

Clindamycin

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23
Q

Disease syndrome caused by Staph. saprophyticus

A

UTI in young women

24
Q

Rx: Staph saprophyticus

A

Trimethoprim

25
Q

Disease syndromes: CNS Staph.

A

Prosthetic infection

26
Q

Rx: CN Staph

A
  • Remove prosthesis - Prolonged vanc or teico
27
Q

Which Staph infection may need Rx with IVIG

28
Q

Strep are classified by:

A

Hemolysis pattern: α, β, γ Lancefield antibody groups: A, B, D Lancefield group will identify a Strep more precisely

29
Q

Strep hemolysis patterns

A

α: partial, β: clear, γ: none

30
Q

Strep. pyogenes: Lancefield

31
Q

Respiratory colonisizer organism demonstrating α-hemolysis: agar under the colony is dark and greenish.

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

32
Q

Alpha hemolytic, mouth commensal causing endocarditis, line infections in neutropenic host

A

Strep. viridans

33
Q

– formerly classified as part of the group D Streptococcus system – is a Gram-positive, commensal bacterium inhabiting the GI tract.

A

E. faecalis

34
Q
A

Hemolyses of Streptococcus spp.

  1. (left) α-hemolysis (S. pneumoniae),
  2. (middle) β-hemolysis (S. pyogenes);
  3. (right) γ-hemolysis (= non-hemolytic, S. salivarius)
35
Q

Gram +ve aerobic bacillus found in pate and soft cheeses, causes meningitis, neonatal infection

A

L monoctyogenes

36
Q

What is common to Corynebacteria, Bacillus sp, Listeria, Nocardia, Clostridia, Actinomyces?

A

All Gram +ve aerobic bacilli

37
Q

Rx: Nocardia

A

Bactrim, amikacin, imipenem

38
Q

Rx: Listeria monocytogenes

A

Ampicillin + gentamicin

39
Q

Rx: C botulinum

40
Q

Rx: C perfringens, C tetani, Corynebacterium, Bacillus anthracis

A

Penicillin

41
Q

Rx: Streptococci

A

Penicillin except S pneumoniae (ceftriaxone)

42
Q

Meningococcal meningitis is well treated with ___ once the isolate is proven to be penicillin susceptible

A

Penicillin G

43
Q

Rx: suspected bacterial meningitis

A

Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone

+

vancomycin

44
Q

Should dexamethasone be given to a patient with meningococcal meningitis?

A

No

  • Dexamethasone: known or suspected pneumococcal meningitis in selected adults and in children with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis.
  • Given while awaiting microbiologic data.
  • Not been shown to be of benefit in meningococcal meningitis
  • Stop once this diagnosis is established.
45
Q

E. coli causes pneumonia in

A
  1. Hospital acquired
  2. debilitated patients
46
Q

E. coli causes meningitis in:

A
  1. Neonates
  2. Elderly
47
Q

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) causes:

A

Watery diarrhea

48
Q

Medically important E coli

A
  1. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) : watery diarrhea.
  2. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC): do not produce Shiga toxin, sporadic diarrhea
  3. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) : produce Shiga toxin, 0157:H7, O104:H4, large outbreaks of bloody diarrhea, HUS
  4. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC): similar to shigellosis: watery diarrhea +- progress to bloody diarrhea.
  5. Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC): persistent and acute diarrheal illnesses
49
Q

E. coli causing HUS

A

EHEC

HUS: MAHA, thrombocytopenia, AKI

Most common cause: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)

51
Q

Genus: E coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, Burkholderia pseudomallei: staining, morphology, O2-requirement

A

Gram -ve, bacilli, aerobic

All Enterobacter except for Pseudomonas and Burkholderia sp.

52
Q

Rx: E. coli

A

Susceptibility guided

53
Q

Rx: Proteus, E coli, Klebsiella

A

Susceptibility, local empiric guidelines

54
Q

Rx: Pseudomonas in neutropenia, sepsis, neutropenia and bacteremia, severe burns

A

beta-lactam with an aminoglycoside.

56
Q

Sexually active women < 25: Screen for

A

Chlamydia, gonorrhea and HIV

ABIM (36 decks)

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