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01-TheBigPicture Flashcards

1
Q

Medicine

A
  1. Systems
  2. Aetiologies
  3. Medical Problem Solving
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2
Q

Systems

A

Cardiology Pulmonary Gastroenterology Nephrology Endocrinology Rheumatology Hematology Neurology

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3
Q

Aetiologies

A
  1. Infection
  2. Neoplastic
  3. Autoimmune
  4. Atherosclerosis
  5. Toxin
  6. Psychogenic
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4
Q

Cardiology

A

Hypertension Lipid disorders Coronary artery disease Arrhythmias Heart Failure Valvular heart disease Pericardial disease EKG

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5
Q

Pulmonary

A

Obstructive lung disease ILD VTE ICU Pleural disease CXR PFT

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6
Q

GI

A
  1. Peptic ulcers GI bleeding
  2. Esophageal diseases
  3. Pancreatico-biliary
  4. Intestinal disease
  5. Liver disease
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7
Q

Nephrology

A

Acid-base disorders Electrolyte disorders AKI Glomerular diseases CKD

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8
Q

Endocrinology

A

DM Thyroid Calcium and bone disorders Reproductive endocrinology Neuroendocrine Adrenal

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9
Q

Rheumatology

A

Arthritis Vasculitis Office orthopedics

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10
Q

Hematology

A

Anemia Platelet disorders Coagulation MDS

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11
Q

Oncology

A
  1. Colorectal
  2. Breast
  3. Ovarian
  4. Leukemia
  5. Lymphoma
  6. Genitourinary
  7. Plasma cell dyscrasias
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12
Q

Neurology

A

Migraine Stroke Seizures Movement disorders

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13
Q

Headache

A

Primary: Migraine, Tension, TAC Secondary: SAH, Meningitis, Tumor, Arteritis, Trauma, Central venous thrombosis etc

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14
Q

Stroke

A

Ischemic Hemorrhagic

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15
Q

Ischemic stroke mechanisms

A

Large artery atherosclerosis: Carotid/Vertebrobasilar Lacune (small-vessel disease) Cardiac embolism Arterial dissection Vasculitis Nonatherosclerotic vasculopathy: Eg: FMD Hematologic disorders/coagulopathy Watershed infarction Drug abuse Migraine Venous infarction

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16
Q

Seizures

A

Partial Generalized Basis: single versus both hemispheres

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17
Q

Partial Seizures

A

Simple Complex Basis: Level of consciousness during seizure

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18
Q

Movement Disorders

A
  1. Hyperkinetic
  2. Hypokinetic
  3. Other
  4. Hyperkinetic disorders
    1. Tremor
    2. Chorea, athetosis, and ballism
    3. Dystonia
    4. Myoclonus
    5. Urge to move: Tics, restless legs syndrome, akathisia
  5. Hypokinesis
    1. Parkinsonism
    2. Parkinson disease
    3. Catatonia (often classified as a psychiatric disorder)
    4. Apraxia (often classified as a cognitive disorder)
  6. Other topics in movement disorders:
    1. Ataxia
    2. Drug-induced movement disorders
    3. Psychogenic movement disorders
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19
Q

Hyperkinetic disorders

A
  1. Tremor
  2. Chorea, athetosis, and ballism
  3. Dystonia
  4. Myoclonus
  5. Urge to move: Tics, restless legs syndrome, akathisia
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20
Q

Hypokinetic movement disorders

A
  1. Parkinsonism
  2. Parkinson disease
  3. Catatonia (often classified as a psychiatric disorder)
  4. Apraxia (often classified as a cognitive disorder)
21
Q

Movement disorders other than hypokinetic and hyperkinetic

A
  1. Ataxia
  2. Drug induced
  3. Psychogenic
22
Q

Ophthalmology

A
  1. Cataracts
  2. Age related macular degeneration
  3. Primary open angle glaucoma
  4. Side effects of common ocular medicines
  5. Diabetic retinopathy
  6. Causes of sudden visual loss
  7. Causes of red eye
  8. Eye infections
    1. Ocular complications of HIV
    2. Bacterial and viral conjunctivitis
  9. Diseases of the eyelid
    1. Blepharitis
    2. Hordeolum
    3. Chalazion
    4. BCC
  10. Ocular effects of systemic therapy
  11. Eye in rheumatologic disease
23
Q

Chest Radiology

A
  1. Nodules and masses
  2. Infiltrates
  3. Pleural effusions
24
Q

Infiltrates

A
  1. Alveolar
  2. Interstitial
25
Q

Colorectal cancer: pathological classification

A
  1. Carcinoma
    1. 90% adenocarcinoma
    2. Misc
  2. Miscellaneous

The vast majority of tumors of the colon and rectum are carcinomas. Other histologic types (neuroendocrine neoplasms, hamartomas, mesenchymal tumors, lymphomas) are relatively unusual.

Carcinomas: >90% are adenocarcinomas.

26
Q

Colorectal cancer: classification by location

A
  1. Rectal cancers: Distal to peritoneal reflection or less than 12 to 15 cm from anal verge
  2. Colon cancer: Proximal

OpenQuestion: which is it peritoneal reflection or length?

27
Q

Inheritable colon cancer syndromes

A
  1. Polyposis syndromes
    1. FAP
    2. Gardener
    3. Turcot
    4. Peutz-Jegher
    5. Juvenile Polyposis
  2. Nonpolyposis: Lynch Syndrome/HNPCC
28
Q

Breast Cancer: (site, invasion, grade)

A
  1. DCIS
  2. LCIS
  3. Invasive breast cancer
29
Q

Ovarian cancers

A
  1. Surface Epithelial
  2. Many others:
    1. germ cell (15%), sex cord-stromal (10%), metastases (5%), miscellaneous

Surface epithelial tumors are classified by cell type (serous, mucinous, endometrioid, etc) and atypia (benign, borderline [atypical proliferation, low malignant potential] or malignant; malignant may be invasive or non-invasive)

30
Q

Genitourinary cancers

A
  1. Prostate
  2. Urothelial
    1. Bladder
    2. Ureteral
    3. Renal pelvis
  3. RCC
  4. Testicular
31
Q

Lymphomas vs Leukemias

A
  1. Leukemias: blood and bone marrow,
  2. lymphomas: lymphoid tissues.
  3. Some diseases, like CLL, can have features of both.
32
Q

Lymphomas

A
  1. Hodgkin
  2. NHL
    1. DLBCL
    2. Follicular
    3. Others

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): most common NHL

33
Q

Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas

A
  1. Indolent
    1. Follicular lymphoma, grade 1 or 2
    2. Marginal zone lymphoma, including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
    3. CLL/SLL
    4. Most skin lymphomas
  2. Aggressive
    1. Follicular lymphoma, grade 3B
    2. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
    3. Mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma
    4. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma
    5. Mantle cell lymphoma
    6. Burkitt lymphoma*
    7. Acute lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (ALL) *
34
Q

Lymphoma Leukemia Overlaps

A
  1. CLL
  2. Hairy cell leukemia (Rare B-cell leukemia)
35
Q

Plasma cell dyscrasias

A
  1. MGUS
  2. Multiple myeloma
  3. Plasmacytoma
  4. POEMS
  5. AL Amyloidosis
  6. Waldenström macroglobulinemia
  7. Cryoglobulinemia
36
Q

Oncology: selected topics

A
  1. Cancer of unknown primary
  2. Oncologic emergencies
  3. Paraneoplastic syndromes
  4. Cancer chemotherapy
37
Q

Oncologic emergencies

A
  1. SVC syndrome
  2. Spinal cord compression
  3. Pericardial tamponade
  4. Venous thrombosis
  5. Metabolic
    1. Hypercalcemia
    2. Hyponatremia
38
Q

Paraneoplastic

A
  1. Neurologic
  2. Rheumatologic
  3. Endocrinologic
  4. Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis
  5. Cutaneous syndromes
39
Q

Paraneoplastic.Neurologic

A
  1. Encephalomyelitis
  2. Cerebellar degeneration
  3. Limbic encephalitis
  4. Stiff person syndrome
  5. Lambert-Eaton
40
Q

Neoplastic.Rheumatologic

A
  1. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
  2. Dermatomyositis/polymyositis
41
Q

Neoplastic.endocrinologic

A
  1. Carcinoid
  2. Cushing
  3. Acromegaly
  4. Hypercalcemia
  5. SIADH
42
Q

Oncology.Chemotherapy

A
  1. Toxicities
  2. Tumor lysis syndrome
  3. Febrile neutropenia
  4. Typhlitis
43
Q

Oncology.Chemotherapy.Toxicities

A
  1. Acute
  2. Delayed
44
Q

Nephrology.Acid-Base

A
  1. Metabolic acidosis
    1. With increased gap
    2. With normal gap
    3. With low gap
  2. Metabolic alkalosis
  3. Respiratory acidosis
  4. Respiratory alkalosis
  5. Renal tubular acidosis
    1. Type 1
    2. Type 2
    3. Type 4
45
Q

GI.Esophageal-diseases

A
  1. GERD
  2. Esophagitis
  3. Barrett’s
  4. Structural-disorders
  5. Esophageal-cancer
  6. Dysphagia-odynophagia: #ClinicalTechnique
  7. Esophageal-dysmotility
  8. Esophageal-cancer # Why not under cancer
    9.
46
Q

GI.esophagus.structural-disorders

A
  1. Zenker
  2. Webs-and-rings
    1. Schatzki
    2. Plummer-Vinson
  3. Hiatal-hernia
    1. Sliding
    2. Para-esophageal
47
Q

Autoimmune.Scleroderma

A
  1. Localized
    1. Linear (in kids, dermatomal)
    2. Morpheaeform
  2. Systemic
    1. Diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc)
    2. Limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc)
    3. SSc sine scleroderma: only internal organ involvement
    4. Environmentally-induced scleroderma
    5. Overlap syndromes
49
Q

Critical-Care

A
  1. Acute respiratory failure
    1. Physiology
    2. Mechanical ventilation
      1. Invasive
      2. Non-invasive
  2. ARDS
  3. Sepsis
  4. Shock
  5. Toxin-exposure
    1. Analgesics-sedatives
    2. Cardioactive
    3. Toxins That Alter Hemoglobin/Oxygen-Binding Properties
    4. Alcohols
    5.

ABIM (36 decks)

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